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Upute za obrasce 1099-R i 5498

2022 Upute za obrasce 1099-R i 5498

Upute za obrasce 1099-R i 5498, raspodjele iz mirovina, anuiteta, mirovinskih ili planova podjele dobiti, IRA, ugovora o osiguranju itd.

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Department of the Treasury  
Internal Revenue Service  
2024  
Instructions for Forms  
1099-R and 5498  
Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs,  
Insurance Contracts, etc.  
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless  
otherwise noted.  
Taxpayer identification numbers (TINs).  
Backup withholding.  
Penalties.  
Future Developments  
The definitions of terms applicable for chapter 4 purposes  
that are referenced in these instructions.  
For the latest information about developments related to  
Forms 1099-R and 5498 and their instructions, such as  
legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/  
Other general topics.  
You can get the general instructions from General  
What’s New  
Automatic rollover amount increased. Beginning January  
1, 2024, the automatic rollover amount has increased from  
$5,000 to $7,000. See Automatic rollovers, later.  
E-filing returns. The Taxpayer First Act of 2019 authorized  
the Department of the Treasury and the IRS to issue  
regulations that reduce the 250-return e-file threshold. T.D.  
9972, published February 23, 2023, lowered the e-file  
threshold to 10 (calculated by aggregating all information  
returns), effective for information returns required to be filed  
on or after January 1, 2024. Go to IRS.gov/InfoReturn for  
e-file options.  
Information Reporting Intake System (IRIS). The IRS has  
developed IRIS, an online portal that allows taxpayers to  
electronically file (e-file) information returns after December  
31, 2022, for 2022 and later tax years. Go to IRS.gov/IRIS for  
additional information and updates.  
Online fillable forms. To ease statement furnishing  
requirements, Copies B, C, 1, and 2 have been made fillable  
online in a PDF format available at IRS.gov/Form1099R and  
IRS.gov/Form5498. You can complete these copies online for  
furnishing statements to recipients and for retaining in your  
own files.  
Qualified tuition program rollover to a Roth IRA.  
Effective with respect to distributions made after December  
31, 2023, a beneficiary of a section 529 qualified tuition  
program is permitted to roll over a distribution from the  
section 529 account to a Roth IRA for the beneficiary, under  
certain conditions (for example, such rollover must be paid  
through a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer, are subject to the  
Roth IRA annual contribution limit and a $35,000 lifetime limit,  
and must be from a section 529 account that has been open  
for more than 15 years). Such rollovers are reported on Form  
5498 as Roth IRA contributions and not as rollover  
contributions.  
Certain corrective distributions not subject to 10% early  
distribution tax. Beginning on December 29, 2022, the  
10% additional tax on early distributions does not apply to an  
IRA distribution made pursuant to the rules of section 408(d)  
(4), which consists of a contribution for that year and any  
earnings allocable to the contribution, as long as the  
distribution is made on or before the due date (including  
extensions) of the income tax return. See Corrective  
Distributions for more information.  
Designated Roth nonelective contributions and desig-  
nated Roth matching contributions. The SECURE 2.0 Act  
of 2022 permits certain nonelective contributions and  
matching contributions that are made after December 29,  
2022, to be designated as Roth contributions.  
Disaster tax relief. The special rules that provide for  
tax-favored withdrawals and repayments now apply to  
disasters that occur on or after January 26, 2021. See  
Disaster-Related Relief in Pub. 590-B, Distributions From  
Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs).  
Increase in required minimum distribution (RMD) age.  
The age for RMDs was increased to 73 by the SECURE 2.0  
Act of 2022. For more information, see RMDs, later.  
Penalty-free withdrawals for victims of domestic abuse.  
Participants that self-certify that they experienced domestic  
abuse are permitted to withdraw up to the lesser of $10,000  
indexed (or 50% of the vested balance) within one year of  
incident without penalty.  
Reminders  
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. For tax years  
beginning after December 31, 2022, a simplified employee  
pension (SEP) arrangement or SIMPLE IRA plan may allow  
an employee to designate a Roth IRA as the IRA to which  
contributions under the arrangement or plan are made.  
Employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a  
Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year  
in which the contributions are made to the employee's Roth  
IRA, with the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2  
In addition, see the current General Instructions for Certain  
Information Returns for information on the following topics.  
Who must file (certain Foreign Financial Institutions (FFIs)  
and U.S. payers that report on Form(s) 1099 to satisfy their  
Internal Revenue Code chapter 4 reporting requirements).  
When and where to file.  
Electronic reporting.  
Corrected and void returns.  
Statements to recipients.  
Feb 16, 2024  
Cat. No. 27987M  
or 7 in box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7  
checked.  
settlement to a former spouse under the name and TIN of the  
recipient, not that of the military retiree.  
Use Code 7 in box 7 for reporting military pensions or  
Specific Instructions for Form 1099-R  
survivor benefit annuities. Use Code 4 for reporting  
!
File Form 1099-R, Distributions From Pensions, Annuities,  
Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs, Insurance  
Contracts, etc., for each person to whom you have made a  
designated distribution or are treated as having made a  
distribution of $10 or more from profit-sharing or retirement  
plans, any individual retirement arrangements (IRAs),  
annuities, pensions, insurance contracts, survivor income  
benefit plans, permanent and total disability payments under  
life insurance contracts, charitable gift annuities, etc.  
CAUTION  
death benefits paid to a survivor beneficiary on a  
separate Form 1099-R. Do not combine with any other  
codes.  
Governmental section 457(b) plans. Report on Form  
1099-R, not Form W-2, income tax withholding and  
distributions from a section 457(b) plan maintained by a state  
or local government employer. Distributions from a  
governmental section 457(b) plan to a participant or  
beneficiary include all amounts that are paid from the plan.  
For more information, see Notice 2003-20 on page 894 of  
Internal Revenue Bulletin (IRB) 2003-19 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-  
plan distributions, later, for information on distribution codes.  
Designated Roth nonelective contributions and  
designated Roth matching contributions must be reported on  
Form 1099-R for the year in which the contributions are  
allocated. See Q&A L-9 of Notice 2024-2, available at  
Nonqualified plans. Report any reportable distributions  
from commercial annuities. Report distributions to employee  
plan participants from section 409A nonqualified deferred  
compensation plans and eligible nongovernmental section  
457(b) plans on Form W-2, not on Form 1099-R; for  
nonemployees, these payments are reportable on Form  
1099-NEC. Report distributions to beneficiaries of deceased  
plan participants on Form 1099-MISC. For more information,  
see the Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC at  
Section 404(k) dividends. Distributions of section 404(k)  
dividends from an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP),  
including a tax credit ESOP, are reported on Form 1099-R.  
Distributions other than section 404(k) dividends from the  
plan must be reported on a separate Form 1099-R.  
Section 404(k) dividends paid directly from the corporation  
to participants or their beneficiaries are reported on Form  
1099-DIV. See Announcement 2008-56, 2008-26 I.R.B.  
Charitable gift annuities. If cash or capital gain property is  
donated in exchange for a charitable gift annuity, report  
distributions from the annuity on Form 1099-R. See  
Also, report on Form 1099-R death benefits payments  
made by employers that are not made as part of a pension,  
profit-sharing, or retirement plan. See Box 1, later.  
Payments of reportable death benefits in accordance with  
final regulations published under section 6050Y must be  
reported on Form 1099-R.  
Reportable disability payments made from a retirement  
plan must be reported on Form 1099-R.  
Generally, do not report payments subject to withholding  
of social security and Medicare taxes on this form. Report  
such payments on Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement.  
There is no special reporting for qualified charitable  
distributions under section 408(d)(8) or qualified  
health savings account (HSA) funding distributions  
TIP  
described in section 408(d)(9), or for the payment of qualified  
health insurance premiums (including long-term care  
insurance premiums) for retired public safety officers  
described in section 402(l).  
Reportable death benefits. Under section 6050Y and the  
regulations thereunder, a payer must report reportable death  
benefits paid after December 31, 2018, in connection with a  
life insurance contract transferred after December 31, 2018,  
in a reportable policy sale. Reportable death benefits are  
amounts paid by reason of the death of the insured under a  
life insurance contract that has been transferred in a  
Life insurance, annuity, and endowment contracts.  
Report payments of matured or redeemed annuity,  
endowment, and life insurance contracts. However, you do  
not need to file Form 1099-R to report the surrender of a life  
insurance contract if it is reasonable to believe that none of  
the payment is includible in the income of the recipient. If you  
are reporting the surrender of a life insurance contract, see  
Code 7, later. See, however, Box 1, later, for FFIs reporting in  
chapter 4 of the Internal Revenue Code.  
reportable policy sale. In general, a reportable policy sale is  
the acquisition of an interest in a life insurance contract,  
directly or indirectly, if the acquirer has no substantial family,  
business, or financial relationship with the insured apart from  
the acquirer's interest in such life insurance contract. The  
payer of reportable death benefits must file a return that  
includes certain information, including the name of the  
reportable death benefits payment recipient, the date and  
gross amount of each payment, and the payer's estimate of  
the buyer's investment in the contract. Under Regulations  
section 1.6050Y-4(e), however, a payer does not have to file  
a return for reportable death benefits payments in certain  
situations, including when the reportable death benefits  
payments are made to certain foreign payees and when the  
payer does not receive, and has no knowledge of any issuer  
having received, a reportable policy sale payment statement.  
Report premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for the  
cost of current life or other insurance protection. Costs of  
current life insurance protection are not subject to the 10%  
additional tax under section 72(t). See Cost of current life  
Report charges or payments for a qualified long-term care  
insurance contract against the cash value of an annuity  
contract or the cash surrender value of a life insurance  
contract, which is excludable from gross income under  
section 72(e)(11). See Code W, later.  
Section 1035 exchange. A tax-free section 1035  
exchange is the exchange of (a) a life insurance contract for  
Military retirement annuities. Report payments to military  
retirees or payments of survivor benefit annuities on Form  
1099-R. Report military retirement pay awarded as a property  
2
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
                 
another life insurance contract, or for an endowment or  
annuity contract, or for a qualified long-term care insurance  
contract; (b) a contract of endowment insurance for another  
contract of endowment insurance that provides for regular  
payments to begin no later than they would have begun  
under the old contract, or for an annuity contract, or for a  
qualified long-term care insurance contract; (c) an annuity  
contract for an annuity contract or for a qualified long-term  
care insurance contract; or (d) a qualified long-term care  
insurance contract for a qualified long-term care insurance  
contract. A contract shall not fail to be treated as an annuity  
contract or as a life insurance contract solely because a  
qualified long-term care insurance contract is a part of, or a  
rider on, such contract. However, the distribution of other  
property or the cancellation of a contract loan at the time of  
the exchange may be taxable and reportable on a separate  
Form 1099-R.  
These exchanges of contracts are generally reportable on  
Form 1099-R. However, reporting on Form 1099-R is not  
required if (a) the exchange occurs within the same  
company; (b) the exchange is solely a contract for contract  
exchange, as defined above, that does not result in a  
designated distribution; and (c) the company maintains  
adequate records of the policyholder's basis in the contracts.  
For example, a life insurance contract issued by Company X  
received in exchange solely for another life insurance  
contract previously issued by Company X does not have to  
be reported on Form 1099-R as long as the company  
maintains the required records. See Rev. Proc. 92-26, 1992-1  
C.B. 744, for certain exchanges for which reporting is not  
required under section 6047(d). Also, see Rev. Rul. 2007-24,  
2007-21 I.R.B. 1282, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
section 403(b) plan). In addition, a designated Roth account  
may include certain nonelective contributions or matching  
contributions that a participant designates as Roth  
contributions. Under the terms of the section 401(k) plan,  
section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b) plan, the  
designated Roth account must meet the requirements of  
section 402A.  
A separate Form 1099-R must be used to report the  
total annual distribution from a designated Roth  
!
CAUTION  
account.  
Distributions allocable to an in-plan Roth rollover (IRR).  
The distribution of an amount allocable to the taxable amount  
of an IRR, made within the 5-year period beginning with the  
first day of the participant’s tax year in which the rollover was  
made, is treated as includible in gross income for purposes of  
applying section 72(t) to the distribution. The total amount  
allocable to such an IRR is reported in box 10. See the  
Years, later. An IRR is a rollover within a retirement plan to a  
designated Roth account in the same plan. See Notice  
2010-84, 2010-51 I.R.B. 872, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
2010-51_IRB#NOT-2010-84, as modified by Notice 2013-74,  
2013-52 I.R.B. 819, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
IRA Distributions  
For deemed IRAs under section 408(q), use the rules  
that apply to traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, as  
TIP  
applicable. Simplified employee pension (SEP) IRAs  
and savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE)  
IRAs, however, may not be used as deemed IRAs.  
2007-21_IRB#RR-2007-24, for certain transactions that do  
not qualify as tax-free exchanges. For more information on  
partial exchanges of annuity contracts, see Rev. Proc.  
2011-38, 2011-30 I.R.B. 66, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
Regulations under section 6050Y provide that a section  
1035 exchange constitutes a reportable policy sale in limited  
circumstances. Death benefits paid by reason of the death of  
the insured under the life insurance contract issued in such  
circumstances are reportable death benefits that must be  
reported on Form 1099-R.  
Deemed IRAs. For more information on deemed IRAs in  
qualified employer plans, see Regulations section 1.408(q)-1.  
IRAs other than Roth IRAs. Unless otherwise instructed,  
distributions from any IRA that is not a Roth IRA must be  
reported in boxes 1 and 2a. Check the “Taxable amount not  
determined” box in box 2b. But see:  
Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for how to report the  
withdrawal of IRA contributions under section 408(d)(4);  
Transfers, later, for information on trustee-to-trustee  
transfers, including recharacterizations;  
Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for reporting a  
For more information on reporting taxable exchanges, see  
corrective distribution from an IRA under section 408(d)(5);  
IRA Revocation or Account Closure, later, for reporting IRA  
Prohibited transactions. If an IRA owner engages in a  
prohibited transaction with respect to an IRA, the assets of  
the IRA are treated as distributed on the first day of the tax  
year in which the prohibited transaction occurs. IRAs that  
hold non-marketable securities and/or closely held  
investments, in which the IRA owner effectively controls the  
underlying assets of such securities or investments, have a  
greater potential for resulting in a prohibited transaction.  
Enter Code 5 in box 7.  
revocations or account closures due to Customer  
Identification Program failures; and  
Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, later, for reporting a  
transfer from a SIMPLE IRA to a non-SIMPLE IRA within the  
first 2 years of plan participation.  
The direct rollover provisions beginning later do not apply  
to distributions from any IRA. However, taxable distributions  
from traditional IRAs and SEP IRAs may be rolled over into  
an eligible retirement plan. See section 408(d)(3). SIMPLE  
IRAs may also be rolled over into an eligible retirement plan,  
but only after the first 2 years of plan participation.  
Designated Roth Account Contributions  
An employer offering a section 401(k), 403(b), or  
governmental section 457(b) plan may allow participants to  
contribute all or a portion of the elective deferrals they are  
otherwise eligible to make to a separate designated Roth  
account established under the plan. These contributions,  
which are made in lieu of elective deferrals, are designated  
Roth contributions. Contributions made under a section  
401(k) plan must meet the requirements of Regulations  
section 1.401(k)-1(f) (Regulations section 1.403(b)-3(c) for a  
An IRA includes all investments under one IRA plan or  
account. File only one Form 1099-R for distributions from all  
investments under one plan that are paid in 1 year to one  
recipient, unless you must enter different codes in box 7. You  
do not have to file a separate Form 1099-R for each  
distribution under the plan.  
3
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
     
employee or is closed by the trustee or custodian, report the  
distribution as fully taxable.  
Roth IRAs. For distributions from a Roth IRA, report the  
gross distribution in box 1 but generally leave box 2a blank.  
Check the “Taxable amount not determined” box in box 2b.  
Enter Code J, Q, or T, as appropriate, in box 7. Do not use  
any other codes with Code Q or Code T. You may enter Code  
8 or P with Code J. For the withdrawal of excess  
contributions, see Roth IRA under Box 2a. Taxable amount,  
later. It is not necessary to mark the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE  
checkbox.  
Reporting Roth IRA conversions. You must report a  
traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA distribution that you know is  
converted this year to a Roth IRA in boxes 1 and 2a  
(checking box 2b “Taxable amount not determined” unless  
otherwise directed elsewhere in these instructions), even if  
the conversion is a trustee-to-trustee transfer or is with the  
same trustee. Enter Code 2 or 7 in box 7 depending on the  
participant's age.  
For more information on IRAs that have been revoked, see  
Rev. Proc. 91-70, 1991-2 C.B. 899.  
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs  
Employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a  
Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported in the same  
manner as the reporting that would have applied if (1) there  
were no after-tax contributions made to any of the  
employee's IRAs, and (2) the matching or nonelective  
contributions were made to an IRA that was not a Roth IRA  
and then immediately converted to a Roth IRA. So, employer  
matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP  
or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which  
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with  
the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in  
box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.  
IRA escheatment. Payments made from IRAs to state  
unclaimed property funds must be reported on Form 1099-R.  
See Rev. Rul. 2018-17, 2018-25 I.R.B. 753, available at  
Notice 2018-90, 2018-49 I.R.B. 826, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
Plan Escheatment  
Payments made from qualified plans on or after January 1,  
2022, to state unclaimed property funds must be reported on  
Form 1099-R. See Rev. Rul. 2020-24, 2020-45 I.R.B. 965,  
IRA Revocation or Account Closure  
Deductible Voluntary Employee Contributions  
(DVECs)  
If a traditional or Roth IRA is revoked during its first 7 days  
(under Regulations section 1.408-6(d)(4)(ii)) or is closed at  
any time by the IRA trustee or custodian due to a failure of  
the taxpayer to satisfy the Customer Identification Program  
requirements described in section 326 of the USA PATRIOT  
Act, the distribution from the IRA must be reported. In  
addition, Form 5498, IRA Contribution Information, must be  
filed to report any regular, rollover, Roth IRA conversion, SEP  
IRA, or SIMPLE IRA contribution to an IRA that is  
If you are reporting a total distribution from a plan that  
includes a distribution of DVECs, you may file a separate  
Form 1099-R to report the distribution of DVECs. If you do,  
report the distribution of DVECs in boxes 1 and 2a on the  
separate Form 1099-R. For the direct rollover (explained  
later) of funds that include DVECs, a separate Form 1099-R  
is not required to report the direct rollover of the DVECs.  
subsequently revoked or closed by the trustee or custodian.  
Direct Rollovers  
If a regular contribution is made to a traditional or Roth IRA  
that is later revoked or closed, and a distribution is made to  
the taxpayer, enter the gross distribution in box 1. If no  
earnings are distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code 8  
in box 7 for a traditional IRA and Code J for a Roth IRA. If  
earnings are distributed, enter the amount of earnings in  
box 2a. For a traditional IRA, enter Codes 1 and 8, if  
applicable, in box 7; for a Roth IRA, enter Codes J and 8, if  
applicable. These earnings could be subject to the 10%  
additional tax under section 72(t). If a rollover contribution is  
made to a traditional or Roth IRA that is later revoked or  
closed, and distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter in  
boxes 1 and 2a of Form 1099-R the gross distribution and the  
appropriate code in box 7 (Code J for a Roth IRA). Follow this  
same procedure for a transfer from a traditional or Roth IRA  
to another IRA of the same type that is later revoked or  
closed. The distribution could be subject to the 10%  
additional tax under section 72(t).  
You must report a direct rollover of an eligible rollover  
distribution. A direct rollover is the direct payment of the  
distribution from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a  
governmental section 457(b) plan to a traditional IRA, Roth  
IRA, or other eligible retirement plan. For additional rules  
regarding the treatment of direct rollovers from designated  
Roth accounts, see Designated Roth accounts, later. A direct  
rollover may be made for the employee, for the employee's  
surviving spouse, for the spouse or former spouse who is an  
alternate payee under a qualified domestic relations order  
(QDRO), or for a nonspouse designated beneficiary, in which  
case the direct rollover can only be made to an inherited IRA.  
If the distribution is paid to the surviving spouse, the  
distribution is treated in the same manner as if the spouse  
were the employee. See Part V of Notice 2007-7, 2007-5  
I.R.B. 395, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
2007-05_IRB#NOT-2007-7, and Notice 2020-51, 2020-29  
I.R.B. 73, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
2020-29_IRB#NOT-2020-51, for guidance on direct rollovers  
by nonspouse designated beneficiaries. Also, see Notice  
2008-30, Part II, 2008-12 I.R.B. 638, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
2008-12_IRB#NOT-2008-30, which has been amplified and  
clarified by Notice 2009-75, 2009-39 I.R.B. 436, available at  
answers covering rollover contributions to Roth IRAs.  
If an IRA conversion contribution or a rollover from a  
qualified plan is made to a Roth IRA that is later revoked or  
closed, and a distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter the  
gross distribution in box 1 of Form 1099-R. If no earnings are  
distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code J in box 7. If  
earnings are distributed, enter the amount of the earnings in  
box 2a and Code J in box 7. These earnings could be subject  
to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).  
An eligible rollover distribution is any distribution of all or  
any portion of the balance to the credit of the employee  
(including net unrealized appreciation (NUA)) from a qualified  
If an employer SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA plan contribution  
is made and the SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA is revoked by the  
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Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
         
plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b)  
plan except the following.  
Reporting a direct rollover. Report a direct rollover in  
box 1 and a 0 (zero) in box 2a, unless the rollover is a direct  
rollover of a qualified rollover contribution other than from a  
designated Roth account. See Qualified rollover contributions  
as defined in section 408A(e), later. You do not have to report  
capital gain in box 3 or NUA in box 6. Enter Code G in box 7  
unless the rollover is a direct rollover from a designated Roth  
account to a Roth IRA. See Designated Roth accounts, later.  
If the direct rollover is made by a nonspouse designated  
beneficiary, also enter Code 4 in box 7.  
Prepare the form using the name and social security  
number (SSN) of the person for whose benefit the funds were  
rolled over (generally, the participant), not those of the trustee  
of the traditional IRA or other plan to which the funds were  
rolled.  
1. One of a series of substantially equal periodic  
payments made at least annually over:  
a. The life of the employee or the joint lives of the  
employee and the employee's designated beneficiary,  
b. The life expectancy of the employee or the joint life and  
last survivor expectancy of the employee and the employee's  
designated beneficiary, or  
c. A specified period of 10 years or more.  
2. A required minimum distribution (RMD) under section  
401(a)(9). A plan administrator is permitted to assume there  
is no designated beneficiary for purposes of determining the  
minimum distribution.  
3. Elective deferrals (under section 402(g)(3)) and  
employee contributions (including earnings on each) returned  
because of the section 415 limits.  
If part of the distribution is a direct rollover and part is  
distributed to the recipient, prepare two Forms 1099-R.  
For guidance on allocation of after-tax amounts to  
rollovers, see Notice 2014-54, 2014-41 I.R.B. 670, available  
4. Corrective distributions of excess deferrals (under  
section 402(g)) and earnings.  
5. Corrective distributions of excess contributions under a  
qualified cash or deferred arrangement (under section  
401(k)) and excess aggregate contributions (under section  
401(m)) and earnings.  
6. Loans treated as deemed distributions (under section  
72(p)). However, qualified plan loan offset amounts and plan  
loan offset amounts can be eligible rollover distributions. See  
section 402(c)(3)(C) and Regulations section 1.402(c)-2,  
Q/A-9 and Plan Loan Offsets, later.  
For more information on eligible rollover distributions,  
including substantially equal periodic payments, RMDs, and  
plan loan offset amounts, see Regulations sections  
1.402(c)-2 and 1.403(b)-7(b). See Rev. Rul. 2014-9, 2014-17  
I.R.B. 975, available at IRS.gov/irb/2014-17_IRB#RR-2014-9,  
for information on rollovers to qualified plans. Also, see Rev.  
Rul. 2002-62, which is on page 710 of I.R.B. 2002-42 at  
substantially equal periodic payments.  
7. Section 404(k) dividends.  
8. Cost of current life insurance protection.  
9. Distributions to a payee other than the employee, the  
employee's surviving spouse, a spouse or former spouse  
who is an alternate payee under a QDRO, or a nonspouse  
designated beneficiary.  
For information on distributions of amounts  
attributable to rollover contributions separately  
accounted for by an eligible retirement plan and if  
TIP  
permissible timing restrictions apply, see Rev. Rul. 2004-12,  
2004-7 I.R.B. 478, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
Designated Roth accounts. A direct rollover from a  
designated Roth account may only be made to another  
designated Roth account or to a Roth IRA. A distribution from  
a Roth IRA, however, cannot be rolled over into a designated  
Roth account. In addition, a plan is permitted to treat the  
balance of the participant's designated Roth account and the  
participant's other accounts under the plan as accounts held  
under two separate plans for purposes of applying the  
automatic rollover rules of section 401(a)(31)(B) and Q/A-9  
through Q/A-11 of Regulations section 1.401(a)(31)-1. Thus,  
if a participant's balance in the designated Roth account is  
less than $200, the plan is not required to offer a direct  
rollover election or to apply the automatic rollover provisions  
to such balance.  
A distribution from a designated Roth account that is a  
qualified distribution is tax free. A qualified distribution is a  
payment that is made both after age 591/2 (or after death or  
disabililty) and after the 5-tax-year period that begins with the  
first day of the first tax year in which a contribution is made to  
the designated Roth account. Certain amounts, including  
corrective distributions, cannot be qualified distributions. See  
Regulations section 1.402A-1.  
10. Any hardship distribution.  
11. A permissible withdrawal under section 414(w).  
12. Prohibited allocations of securities in an S corporation  
that are treated as deemed distributions.  
13. Distributions of premiums for accident or health  
insurance under Regulations section 1.402(a)-1(e).  
Amounts paid under an annuity contract purchased for,  
and distributed to, a participant under a qualified plan can  
qualify as eligible rollover distributions. See Regulations  
section 1.402(c)-2, Q/A-10.  
Automatic rollovers. Eligible rollover distributions may also  
include involuntary distributions that are more than $1,000  
but not more than $7,000 and are made from a qualified plan  
to an IRA on behalf of a plan participant. Involuntary  
distributions are generally subject to the automatic rollover  
provisions of section 401(a)(31)(B) and must be paid in a  
direct rollover to an IRA, unless the plan participant elects to  
have the rollover made to another eligible retirement plan or  
to receive the distribution directly.  
For information on the notification requirements, see  
Distributions (Section 402(f) Notice), later. For additional  
information, also see Notice 2005-5, 2005-3 I.R.B. 337,  
modified by Notice 2005-95, 2005-51 I.R.B. 1172, available  
If any portion of a distribution from a designated Roth  
account that is not includible in gross income is to be rolled  
over into a designated Roth account under another plan, the  
rollover must be accomplished by a direct rollover. Any  
portion not includible in gross income that is distributed to the  
employee, however, cannot be rolled over to another  
5
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
     
designated Roth account, though it can be rolled over into a  
Roth IRA within the 60-day period described in section  
402(c)(3). In the case of a direct rollover, the distributing plan  
is required to report to the recipient plan the amount of the  
investment (basis) in the contract and the first year of the  
5-tax-year period, or that the distribution is a qualified  
distribution.  
For a direct rollover of a distribution from a designated  
Roth account to a Roth IRA, enter the amount rolled over in  
box 1 and 0 (zero) in box 2a. Use Code H in box 7. For all  
other distributions from a designated Roth account, use  
Code B in box 7, unless Code E applies. If the direct rollover  
is from one designated Roth account to another designated  
Roth account, also enter Code G in box 7.  
For a direct rollover of a distribution from a section 401(k)  
plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b)  
plan to a designated Roth account in the same plan, enter  
the amount rolled over in box 1, the taxable amount in box 2a,  
and any basis recovery amount in box 5. Use Code G in  
box 7.  
electronic section 402(f) notice must meet the requirements  
for using electronic media in Regulations section  
1.401(a)-21.  
The notice must explain the rollover rules, the special tax  
treatment for certain lump-sum distributions, the direct  
rollover option (and any default procedures), the mandatory  
20% withholding rules, and an explanation of how  
distributions from the plan to which the rollover is made may  
have different restrictions and tax consequences than the  
plan from which the rollover is made.  
For periodic payments that are eligible rollover  
distributions, you must provide the notice before the first  
payment and at least once a year as long as the payments  
continue. For section 403(b) plans, the payer must provide an  
explanation of the direct rollover option within the time period  
described earlier or some other reasonable period of time.  
Notice 2020-62, 2020-35 I.R.B. 476, available at  
harbor explanations that may be provided to recipients of  
eligible rollover distributions from an employer plan in order to  
satisfy section 402(f).  
Involuntary distributions. For involuntary distributions paid  
to an IRA in a direct rollover (automatic rollover), you may  
satisfy the notification requirements of section 401(a)(31)(B)  
(i) either separately or as a part of the section 402(f) notice.  
The notification must be in writing and may be sent using  
electronic media in accordance with Q/A-5 of Regulations  
section 1.402(f)-1. Also, see Notice 2005-5, Q/A-15.  
Report designated Roth nonelective contributions and  
designated Roth matching contributions for the year in which  
the contributions are allocated. Enter the total amount of  
designated Roth nonelective contributions and designated  
Roth matching contributions that are allocated to an  
individual's acount in the year in boxes 1 and 2a. Use Code G  
in box 7. See Q&A L-9 of Notice 2024-2, available at  
Qualified rollover contributions as defined in section  
408A(e). A qualified rollover contribution as defined in  
section 408A(e) is:  
Transfers  
A rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from another IRA that  
Generally, do not report a transfer between trustees or  
issuers that involves no payment or distribution of funds to  
the participant, including a trustee-to-trustee transfer from  
one IRA to another IRA, valid transfers from one section  
403(b) plan in accordance with paragraphs 1 through 3 of  
Regulations section 1.403(b)-10(b), or for the purchase of  
permissive service credit under section 403(b)(13) or section  
457(e)(17) in accordance with paragraph 4 of Regulations  
section 1.403(b)-10(b) and Regulations section 1.457-10(b)  
(8). However, you must report:  
meets the requirements of section 408(d)(3), or  
A rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from an eligible  
retirement plan (other than an IRA) that meets the  
requirements of section 408A(e)(1)(B).  
For reporting a rollover from an IRA other than a Roth IRA  
to a Roth IRA, see Reporting Roth IRA conversions, earlier.  
For a direct rollover of an eligible rollover distribution to a  
Roth IRA (other than from a designated Roth account), report  
the total amount rolled over in box 1, the taxable amount in  
box 2a, and any basis recovery amount in box 5. (See the  
instructions for Box 5. FMV of Account, later.) Use Code G in  
box 7. If the direct rollover is made on behalf of a nonspouse  
designated beneficiary, also enter Code 4 in box 7.  
For reporting instructions for a direct rollover from a  
designated Roth account, see Designated Roth accounts,  
earlier.  
Recharacterized IRA contributions;  
Roth IRA conversions;  
Direct rollovers from qualified plans, section 403(b) plans,  
or governmental section 457(b) plans, including any direct  
rollovers from such plans that are IRRs or are qualified  
rollover contributions described in section 408A(e); and  
Direct payments from IRAs to accepting employer plans.  
IRA recharacterizations. You must report each  
recharacterization of an IRA contribution. If a participant  
makes a contribution to an IRA (first IRA) for a year, the  
participant may choose to recharacterize the contribution by  
transferring, in a trustee-to-trustee transfer, any part of the  
contribution (plus earnings) to another IRA (second IRA). The  
contribution is treated as made to the second IRA  
(recharacterization). A recharacterization may be made with  
the same trustee or with another trustee. The trustee of the  
first IRA must report the recharacterization as a distribution  
on Form 1099-R and the contribution to the first IRA and its  
character on Form 5498.  
Explanation to Recipients Before Eligible  
Rollover Distributions (Section 402(f) Notice)  
For qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and governmental  
section 457(b) plans, the plan administrator must provide to  
each recipient of an eligible rollover distribution an  
explanation using either a written paper document or an  
electronic medium (section 402(f) notice). The explanation  
must be provided no more than 180 days and no fewer than  
30 days before making an eligible rollover distribution or  
before the annuity starting date. However, if the recipient who  
has received the section 402(f) notice affirmatively elects a  
distribution, you will not fail to satisfy the timing requirements  
merely because you make the distribution fewer than 30 days  
after you provided the notice as long as you meet the  
requirements of Regulations section 1.402(f)-1, Q/A-2. The  
Enter the fair market value (FMV) of the amount  
recharacterized in box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and Code R in  
box 7 if reporting a recharacterization of a prior-year (2023)  
contribution or Code N if reporting a recharacterization of a  
contribution in the same year (2024). It is not necessary to  
6
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
           
check the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox. For more information  
on how to report, see Notice 2000-30 on page 1266 of I.R.B.  
No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018 or  
later. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and a  
rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a Roth IRA,  
made in the participant’s tax years beginning after December  
31, 2017, cannot be recharacterized as having been made to  
a traditional IRA.  
Section 1035 exchange. You may have to report  
exchanges of insurance contracts, including an exchange  
under section 1035, under which any designated distribution  
may be made. For a section 1035 exchange that is in part  
taxable, file a separate Form 1099-R to report the taxable  
amount. See Section 1035 exchange, earlier.  
SIMPLE IRAs. Do not report a trustee-to-trustee transfer  
from one SIMPLE IRA to another SIMPLE IRA. However, you  
must report as a taxable distribution in boxes 1 and 2a a  
trustee-to-trustee transfer from a SIMPLE IRA to an IRA that  
is not a SIMPLE IRA during the 2-year period beginning on  
the day contributions are first deposited in the individual's  
SIMPLE IRA by the employer. Use Code S in box 7, if  
appropriate.  
year of deferral (other than designated Roth contributions),  
but the earnings are taxable in the year distributed. Except for  
a SARSEP, if the distribution occurs after April 15, the excess  
is taxable in the year of deferral and the year distributed. The  
earnings are taxable in the year distributed. For a SARSEP,  
excess deferrals not withdrawn by April 15 are considered  
regular IRA contributions subject to the IRA contribution  
limits. Corrective distributions of excess deferrals are not  
subject to federal income tax withholding or social security  
and Medicare taxes. For losses on excess deferrals, see  
Losses, later. See Regulations section 1.457-4(e) for special  
rules relating to excess deferrals under governmental section  
457(b) plans.  
Excess contributions. Excess contributions can occur in a  
section 401(k) plan or a SARSEP. All distributions of the  
excess contributions plus earnings (other than designated  
Roth contributions), including recharacterized excess  
contributions, are taxable to the participant in the year of  
distribution. Report the gross distribution in box 1 of Form  
1099-R. In box 2a, enter the excess contribution and  
earnings distributed less any designated Roth contributions.  
For a SARSEP, the employer must notify the participant by  
March 15 of the year after the year the excess contribution  
was made that the participant must withdraw the excess and  
earnings. All distributions from a SARSEP are taxable in the  
year of distribution. An excess contribution not withdrawn by  
April 15 of the year after the year of notification is considered  
a regular IRA contribution subject to the IRA contribution  
limits.  
Transfer of an IRA to spouse. If you transfer or  
re-designate an interest from one spouse's IRA to an IRA for  
the other spouse under a divorce or separation instrument,  
the transfer or re-designation, as provided under section  
408(d)(6), is tax free. Do not report such a transfer on Form  
1099-R.  
The 10% additional tax on early distributions does not  
apply to an IRA distribution made pursuant to the rules of  
section 408(d)(4), consisting of a return of a contribution for  
that year and any earnings allocable to the contribution, as  
long as the distribution is made on or before the due date  
(including extensions) of the income tax return.  
Corrective Distributions  
You must report on Form 1099-R corrective distributions of  
excess deferrals, excess contributions and excess aggregate  
contributions under section 401(a) plans, section 401(k) cash  
or deferred arrangements, section 403(a) annuity plans,  
section 403(b) salary reduction agreements, and salary  
reduction simplified employee pensions (SARSEPs) under  
section 408(k)(6). You must also report on Form 1099-R  
corrective IRA distributions made under section 408(d)(4).  
Excess contributions that are recharacterized under a section  
401(k) plan are treated as distributed. Corrective distributions  
must include earnings through the end of the year in which  
the excess arose. These distributions are reportable on Form  
1099-R and are generally taxable in the year of the  
distribution (except for excess deferrals under section  
402(g)). Enter Code 8 or P in box 7 (with Code B, if  
applicable) to designate the distribution and the year it is  
taxable.  
Regulations have not been updated for SARSEPs.  
!
CAUTION  
Excess aggregate contributions. Excess aggregate  
contributions under section 401(m) can occur in section  
401(a), section 401(k), section 403(a), and section 403(b)  
plans. In general, a corrective distribution of excess  
aggregate contributions plus earnings is taxable to the  
participant in the year the distribution was made. However, a  
corrective distribution of excess aggregate contributions is  
not includible in gross income (other than earnings) to the  
extent that it represents designated Roth contributions. See  
Treas. Reg. section 1.401(m)-2(b)(2)(vi)(C). Report the gross  
distribution in box 1 of Form 1099-R. In box 2a, enter the  
excess and earnings distributed less any after-tax  
contributions.  
Use a separate Form 1099-R to report a corrective  
distribution from a designated Roth account.  
The total amount of the elective deferral is reported in  
Losses. If a corrective distribution of an excess deferral is  
made in a year after the year of deferral and a net loss has  
been allocated to the excess deferral, report the corrective  
distribution amount in boxes 1 and 2a of Form 1099-R for the  
year of the distribution with the appropriate distribution code  
in box 7. If the excess deferrals consist of designated Roth  
contributions, report the corrective distribution amount in  
box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and the appropriate distribution  
code in box 7. However, taxpayers must include the total  
amount of the excess deferral (unadjusted for loss) in income  
in the year of deferral, and they may report a loss on the tax  
return for the year the corrective distribution is made.  
box 12 of Form W-2. See the Instructions for Forms  
W-2 and W-3 for more information.  
TIP  
For more information about reporting corrective  
distributions, see Table 1; Notice 89-32, 1989-1 C.B. 671;  
Notice 88-33, 1988-1 C.B. 513; Notice 87-77, 1987-2 C.B.  
385; and the regulations under sections 401(k), 401(m),  
402(g), and 457.  
Excess deferrals. Excess deferrals under section 402(g)  
can occur in section 401(k) plans, section 403(b) plans, or  
SARSEPs. If distributed by April 15 of the year following the  
year of deferral, the excess is taxable to the participant in the  
7
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
         
You must also issue copies of the Forms 1099-R to the  
plan participant with an explanation of why these new forms  
are being issued. ADP and ACP test corrective distributions  
are exempt from the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).  
Distributions Under Employee Plans  
Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS)  
The procedure for correcting excess annual additions under  
section 415 is explained in the latest EPCRS revenue  
procedure in section 6.06 of Rev. Proc. 2021-30, 2021-31  
I.R.B. 172, available at IRS.gov/irb/2021-31_IRB#REV-  
Loans Treated as Distributions  
A loan from a qualified plan under section 401(a) or 403(a),  
from a section 403(b) plan, or from a plan, whether or not  
qualified, that is maintained by the United States, a state or  
political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality  
thereof, made to a participant or beneficiary is not treated as  
a distribution from the plan if the loan satisfies the following  
requirements.  
Distributions to correct a section 415 failure are not eligible  
rollover distributions although they are subject to federal  
income tax withholding under section 3405. They are not  
subject to social security, Medicare, or Federal  
Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) taxes. In addition, such  
distributions are not subject to the 10% additional tax under  
section 72(t).  
1. The loan is evidenced by an enforceable agreement.  
2. The agreement specifies that the loan must be repaid  
You may report the distribution of elective deferrals (other  
than designated Roth contributions) and employee  
within 5 years, except for a principal residence.  
3. The loan must be repaid in substantially level  
installments (at least quarterly).  
4. The loan amount does not exceed the limits in section  
72(p)(2)(A) (maximum limit is equal to the lesser of 50% of  
the vested account balance or $50,000).  
contributions (and earnings attributable to such elective  
deferrals and employee contributions) on the same Form  
1099-R. However, if you made other distributions during the  
year, report them on a separate Form 1099-R. Because the  
distribution of elective deferrals (other than designated Roth  
contributions) is fully taxable in the year distributed (no part of  
the distribution is a return of the investment in the contract),  
report the total amount of the distribution in boxes 1 and 2a.  
Leave box 5 blank, and enter Code E in box 7. For a return of  
employee contributions (or designated Roth contributions)  
plus earnings, enter the gross distribution in box 1, the  
earnings attributable to the employee contributions (or  
designated Roth contributions) being returned in box 2a, and  
the employee contributions (or designated Roth  
Certain exceptions, cure periods, and suspension of the  
repayment schedule may apply.  
The loan agreement must specify the amount of the loan,  
the term of the loan, and the repayment schedule. The  
agreement may include more than one document.  
If a loan fails to satisfy (1), (2), or (3), the balance of the  
loan is a deemed distribution. The distribution may occur at  
the time the loan is made or later if the loan is not repaid in  
accordance with the repayment schedule.  
If a loan fails to satisfy (4) at the time the loan is made, the  
amount that exceeds the amount permitted to be loaned is a  
deemed distribution.  
Deemed distribution. If a loan is treated as a deemed  
distribution, it is reportable on Form 1099-R using the normal  
taxation rules of section 72, including tax basis rules. The  
distribution may also be subject to the 10% additional tax  
under section 72(t). It is not eligible to be rolled over to an  
eligible retirement plan nor is it eligible for the 10-year tax  
option. On Form 1099-R, complete the appropriate boxes,  
including boxes 1 and 2a, and enter Code L in box 7. Also,  
enter Code 1 or Code B, if applicable.  
Interest that accrues after the deemed distribution of a  
loan is not an additional loan and, therefore, is not reportable  
on Form 1099-R.  
Loans that are treated as deemed distributions or that are  
actual distributions are subject to federal income tax  
withholding. If such a distribution occurs after the loan is  
made, you must withhold only if you distributed cash or  
property (other than employer securities) at the time of the  
deemed or actual distribution. See section 72(p), section  
72(e)(4)(A), and Regulations section 1.72(p)-1.  
contributions) being returned in box 5. Enter Code E in box 7.  
For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-93, 1992-2 C.B. 505.  
Similar rules apply to other corrective distributions under  
EPCRS. Also, special Form 1099-R reporting is available for  
certain plan loan failures. See section 6.07 of Rev. Proc.  
2021-30 for details.  
If excess employer contributions (other than elective  
deferrals), and the earnings on them, under SEP, SARSEP, or  
SIMPLE IRA plans are returned to an employer (with the  
participant's consent), enter the gross distribution (excess  
and earnings) in box 1 and 0 (zero) in box 2a. Enter Code E  
in box 7.  
Failing the ADP or ACP Test After a Total  
Distribution  
If you make a total distribution in 2024 and file a Form 1099-R  
with the IRS and then discover in 2025 that the plan failed  
either the section 401(k)(3) actual deferral percentage (ADP)  
test for 2024 and you compute excess contributions or the  
section 401(m)(2) actual contribution percentage (ACP) test  
and you compute excess aggregate contributions, you must  
recharacterize part of the total distribution as excess  
contributions or excess aggregate contributions. First, file a  
CORRECTED Form 1099-R for 2024 for the correct amount  
of the total distribution (not including the amount  
Subsequent repayments. If a participant makes any cash  
repayments on a loan that was reported on Form 1099-R as a  
deemed distribution, the repayments increase the  
participant's tax basis in the plan as if the repayments were  
after-tax contributions. However, such repayments are not  
treated as after-tax contributions for purposes of section  
401(m) or 415(c)(2)(B).  
For a deemed distribution that was reported on Form  
1099-R but was not repaid, the deemed distribution does not  
increase the participant's basis.  
recharacterized as excess contributions or excess aggregate  
contributions). Second, file a new Form 1099-R for 2024 for  
the excess contributions or excess aggregate contributions  
and allocable earnings.  
Note. To avoid a late filing penalty if the new Form 1099-R is  
filed after the due date, enter in the bottom margin of Form  
1096, Annual Summary and Transmittal of U.S. Information  
Returns, the words “Filed To Correct Excess Contributions.”  
8
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
     
number (EIN) used to deposit any tax withheld and to file  
Form 945, Annual Return of Withheld Federal  
Income Tax.  
Plan loan offsets. If a participant's accrued benefit is  
reduced (offset) to repay a loan, the amount of the account  
balance that is offset against the loan is an actual distribution.  
Report it as you would any other actual distribution. Do not  
enter Code L in box 7.  
A qualified plan loan offset is a type of plan loan offset that  
meets certain requirements. In order to be a qualified plan  
loan offset, the loan, at the time of the offset, must be a loan  
in good standing and the offset must be solely by reason of  
(1) the termination of the qualified employer plan, or (2) the  
failure to meet the repayment terms because the employee  
had a severance from employment. Report a qualified plan  
loan offset as you would any other actual distribution. In  
addition, enter Code M in box 7.  
Beneficiaries  
If you make a distribution to a beneficiary, trust, or estate,  
prepare Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the  
beneficiary, trust, or estate, not that of the decedent. If there  
are multiple beneficiaries, report on each Form 1099-R only  
the amount paid to the beneficiary whose name appears on  
the Form 1099-R, and enter the percentage in box 9a, if  
applicable.  
Disclaimers. A beneficiary may make a qualified disclaimer  
of all or some of an IRA account balance if the disclaimed  
amount and income are paid to a new beneficiary or  
segregated in a separate account. A qualified disclaimer may  
be made after the beneficiary has previously received the  
RMD for the year of the decedent's death. For more  
information, see Rev. Rul. 2005-36, 2005-26 I.R.B. 1368,  
Permissible Withdrawals Under Section 414(w)  
For permissible withdrawals from an eligible automatic  
contribution arrangement (EACA) under section 414(w):  
The distribution (except to the extent the distribution  
consists of designated Roth contributions) is included in the  
employee's gross income in the year distributed;  
Alternate Payee Under a QDRO  
Report principal and earnings in boxes 1 and 2a except, in  
the case of a distribution from a designated Roth account,  
report only earnings in box 2a;  
Distributions to an alternate payee who is a spouse or former  
spouse of the employee under a QDRO are reportable on  
Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the alternate payee.  
If the alternate payee under a QDRO is a nonspouse, enter  
the name and TIN of the employee. However, this rule does  
not apply to IRAs; see Transfer of an IRA to spouse, earlier.  
The distribution is not subject to the 10% additional tax  
under section 72(t), indicated by reporting Code 2 in box 7;  
and  
The distribution must be elected by the employee no later  
than 90 days after the first default elective contribution under  
the EACA, as specified in Regulations section 1.414(w)-1(c)  
(2).  
Nonresident Aliens  
If income tax is withheld under section 3405 on any  
distribution to a nonresident alien, report the distribution and  
withholding on Form 1099-R. Also, file Form 945 to report the  
withholding. See the presumption rules in part S of the  
current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.  
If the distribution is from a designated Roth account, enter  
Code B as well as Code 2 in box 7.  
Corrected Form 1099-R  
However, any payments to a nonresident alien from any  
trust under section 401(a); any annuity plan under section  
403(a); any annuity, custodial account, or retirement income  
account under section 403(b); or any IRA account under  
section 408(a) or (b) are subject to withholding under section  
1441, unless there is an exception under a tax treaty. Report  
the distribution and withholding on Form 1042, Annual  
Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign  
Persons, and Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source  
Income Subject to Withholding.  
If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS and later discover that  
there is an error on it, you must correct it as soon as possible.  
For example, if you transmit a direct rollover and file a Form  
1099-R with the IRS reporting that none of the direct rollover  
is taxable by entering 0 (zero) in box 2a, and you then  
discover that part of the direct rollover consists of RMDs  
under section 401(a)(9), you must file a corrected Form  
1099-R reporting the eligible rollover distribution as the direct  
rollover and file a new Form 1099-R reporting the RMD as if it  
had been distributed to the participant. See part H in the  
current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns,  
or Pub. 1220, if filing electronically.  
For guidance regarding covered expatriates, see Notice  
2009-85, 2009-45 I.R.B. 598, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS reporting a  
payment of reportable death benefits, you must file a  
corrected return within 15 calendar days of recovering any  
portion of the reportable death benefits from the reportable  
death benefits payment recipient as a result of the rescission  
of the reportable policy sale.  
Statements to Recipients  
If you are required to file Form 1099-R, you must furnish a  
statement to the recipient. For more information about the  
requirement to furnish a statement to each recipient, see part  
M in the current General Instructions for Certain Information  
Returns.  
If you furnished a statement to the reportable death  
benefits payment recipient, you must furnish the recipient  
with a corrected statement within 15 calendar days of  
recovering any portion of the reportable death benefits from  
the reportable death benefits payment recipient as a result of  
the rescission of the reportable policy sale.  
Truncating recipient's TIN on payee statements.  
Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers of Form  
1099-R may truncate a recipient’s TIN (social security  
number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number  
(ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or  
employer identification number (EIN)) on payee statements.  
Truncation is not allowed on any documents the filer files with  
the IRS. A payer's TIN may not be truncated on any form. See  
Filer  
The payer, trustee, or plan administrator must file Form  
1099-R using the same name and employer identification  
9
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
               
part J in the current General Instructions for Certain  
Information Returns for more information.  
For section 1035 exchanges that are reportable on Form  
1099-R, enter the total value of the contract in box 1, 0 (zero)  
in box 2a, the total premiums paid in box 5, and Code 6 in  
box 7.  
Do not enter a negative amount in any box on Form  
1099-R.  
TIP  
Designated Roth account distributions. If you are making  
a distribution from a designated Roth account, enter the  
gross distribution in box 1, the taxable portion of the  
distribution in box 2a, the basis included in the distributed  
amount in box 5, any amount allocable to an IRR made within  
the previous 5 years (unless an exception to section 72(t)  
applies) in box 10, and the first year of the 5-tax-year period  
for determining qualified distributions in box 11. Also, enter  
the applicable code(s) in box 7.  
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer  
matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP  
or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which  
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with  
the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in  
box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.  
Employer securities and other property. If you distribute  
employer securities or other property, include in box 1 the  
FMV of the securities or other property on the date of  
distribution. If there is a loss, see Losses, later.  
If you are distributing worthless property only, you are not  
required to file Form 1099-R. However, you may file and enter  
0 (zero) in boxes 1 and 2a and any after-tax employee  
contributions or designated Roth contributions in box 5.  
Charitable gift annuities. If cash or capital gain property is  
donated in exchange for a charitable gift annuity, report the  
total amount distributed during the year in box 1. See  
in Box 2a), later.  
FFIs reporting in a manner similar to section 6047(d). If  
you are a participating FFI electing to report with respect to a  
cash value insurance contract or annuity contract that is a  
U.S. account held by a specified U.S. person in a manner  
similar to section 6047(d), include in box 1 any amount paid  
under the contract during the reporting period (that is, the  
calendar year or the year ending on the most recent contract  
anniversary date).  
Account Number  
The account number is required if you have multiple accounts  
for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form  
1099-R.  
The account number is also required if you check the  
“FATCA filing requirement” box. See Box 12. FATCA Filing  
Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an  
account number for all Forms 1099-R that you file. See part L  
in the current General Instructions for Certain Information  
Returns.  
The policy number of the life insurance contract under  
which benefits are paid is required if you are reporting a  
payment of reportable death benefits.  
Box 1. Gross Distribution  
Enter the total amount of the distribution before income tax or  
other deductions were withheld. Include direct rollovers, IRA  
direct payments to accepting employer plans,  
recharacterized IRA contributions, Roth IRA conversions, and  
premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for the cost of  
current life or other insurance protection. Also, include in this  
box distributions to plan participants from governmental  
section 457(b) plans. However, in the case of a distribution by  
a trust representing certificates of deposit (CDs) redeemed  
early, report the net amount distributed. Also, see Box 6,  
later.  
For a distribution from a traditional IRA of assets that do  
not have a readily available FMV, enter Code K in box 7.  
Include in this box the value of U.S. Savings Bonds  
distributed from a plan. Enter the appropriate taxable amount  
in box 2a. Furnish a statement to the plan participant showing  
the value of each bond at the time of distribution. This will  
provide them with the information necessary to figure the  
interest income on each bond when it is redeemed.  
Include in box 1 amounts distributed from a qualified  
retirement plan for which the recipient elects to pay health  
insurance premiums under a cafeteria plan or that are paid  
directly to reimburse medical care expenses incurred by the  
recipient (see Rev. Rul. 2003-62 on page 1034 of I.R.B.  
2003-25 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-25.pdf). Also, include  
this amount in box 2a.  
Include in box 1 charges or payments for qualified  
long-term care insurance contracts under combined  
arrangements. Enter Code W in box 7.  
In addition to reporting distributions to beneficiaries of  
deceased employees, report here any death benefit  
payments made by employers that are not made as part of a  
pension, profit-sharing, or retirement plan. Also, enter these  
amounts in box 2a; enter Code 4 in box 7.  
Do not report the account balance or value (as of the  
end of the reporting period) in box 1. Participating  
!
CAUTION  
FFIs reporting in a manner similar to section 6047(d)  
should check the Recent Developments section for Form  
1099-R at IRS.gov/Form1099R before filing for 2024.  
Box 2a. Taxable Amount  
When determining the taxable amount to be entered  
in box 2a, do not reduce the taxable amount by any  
!
CAUTION  
portion of the $3,000 exclusion for which the  
participant may be eligible as a payment of qualified health  
and long-term care insurance premiums for retired public  
safety officers under section 402(l).  
Generally, you must enter the taxable amount in box 2a.  
However, if you are unable to reasonably obtain the data  
needed to compute the taxable amount, leave this box blank.  
Except as provided under Box 6, later, do not enter  
excludable or tax-deferred amounts reportable in boxes 5, 6,  
and 8. Enter 0 (zero) in box 2a for:  
Do not report accelerated death benefits on Form  
1099-R. Report them on Form 1099-LTC, Long-Term  
!
CAUTION  
Care and Accelerated Death Benefits.  
A direct rollover (other than an IRR) from a qualified plan, a  
section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b) plan to  
another such plan or to a traditional IRA;  
Include in box 1 the amount of any payment of reportable  
death benefits.  
10  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
           
A direct rollover from a designated Roth account to a Roth  
distribution is $4,700 ($9,400/$10,000 x $5,000). The issuer  
would report on Form 1099-R:  
IRA;  
An amount from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA directly  
Box 1, $5,000 as the gross distribution;  
transferred to an accepting employer plan;  
Box 2a, $300 as the taxable amount;  
An IRA recharacterization;  
Box 4, $60 ($300 x 20% (0.20) as the withholding on the  
A nontaxable section 1035 exchange of life insurance,  
earnings portion of the distribution;  
annuity, endowment, or long-term care insurance contracts;  
or  
Box 5, $4,700 as the designated Roth contribution basis  
(nontaxable amount);  
A nontaxable charge or payment, for the purchase of a  
Box 7, Code B; and  
qualified long-term care insurance contract, against the cash  
value of an annuity contract or the cash surrender value of a  
life insurance contract.  
The first year of the 5-tax-year period in box 11.  
Using the same facts as in the example above, except that  
the distribution was a direct rollover to a Roth IRA, the issuer  
would report on Form 1099-R:  
Annuity starting date in 1998 or later. If you made annuity  
payments from a qualified plan under section 401(a), 403(a),  
or 403(b) and the annuity starting date is in 1998 or later, you  
must use the simplified method under section 72(d)(1) to  
figure the taxable amount. Under this method, the expected  
number of payments you use to figure the taxable amount  
depends on whether the payments are based on the life of  
one or more than one person. See Notice 98-2, 1998-1 C.B.  
266, and Pub. 575, Pension and Annuity Income, to help you  
figure the taxable amount to enter in box 2a.  
Annuity starting date after November 18, 1996, and be-  
fore 1998. Under the simplified method for figuring the  
taxable amount, the expected number of payments is based  
only on the primary annuitant's age on the annuity starting  
date. See Notice 98-2.  
Annuity starting date before November 19, 1996. If you  
properly used the rules in effect before November 19, 1996,  
for annuities that started before that date, continue to report  
using those rules. No changes are necessary.  
Corrective distributions. Enter in box 2a the amount of  
excess deferrals, excess contributions, or excess aggregate  
contributions (other than employee contributions or  
designated Roth contributions). See Corrective Distributions,  
earlier.  
Box 1, $5,000 as the gross distribution;  
Box 2a, 0 (zero) as the taxable amount;  
Box 4, no entry;  
Box 5, $4,700 as the designated Roth contribution basis  
(nontaxable amount);  
Box 7, Code H; and  
The first year of the 5-tax-year period in box 11.  
Disability retirement annuity. If annuity payments are  
made under a workers’ compensation act or under a statute  
in the nature of a workers’ compensation act, as  
compensation for personal injuries or sickness incurred  
during the course of employment, and a portion of the annuity  
payments are based on age or length of service under the  
retirement plan, enter the taxable portion of the annuity in  
box 2a. See Rev. Rul. 85-105, 1985-2 C.B. 53. Enter  
distribution code 3 in box 7.  
Losses. If a distribution is a loss, do not enter a negative  
amount in this box. For example, if an employee's 401(k)  
account balance, consisting solely of stock, is distributed but  
the value is less than the employee's remaining after-tax  
contributions or designated Roth contributions, enter the  
value of the stock in box 1, leave box 2a blank, and enter the  
employee's contributions or designated Roth contributions in  
box 5.  
Cost of current life insurance protection. Include current  
life insurance protection costs (net premium costs) that were  
reported in box 1. However, do not report these costs and a  
distribution on the same Form 1099-R. Use a separate Form  
1099-R for each. For the cost of current life insurance  
protection, enter Code 9 in box 7.  
DVECs. Include DVEC distributions in this box. Also, see  
earlier.  
For a plan with no after-tax contributions or designated  
Roth contributions, even though the value of the account may  
have decreased, there is no loss for reporting purposes.  
Therefore, if there are no employer securities distributed,  
show the actual cash and/or FMV of property distributed in  
boxes 1 and 2a, and make no entry in box 5. If only employer  
securities are distributed, show the FMV of the securities in  
boxes 1 and 2a and make no entry in box 5 or 6. If both  
employer securities and cash or other property are  
distributed, show the actual cash and/or FMV of the property  
(including employer securities) distributed in box 1, the gross  
less any NUA on employer securities in box 2a (except as  
Employer’s Securities, later), no entry in box 5, and any NUA  
in box 6.  
Roth IRA. For a distribution from a Roth IRA, report the total  
distribution in box 1 and leave box 2a blank except in the  
case of an IRA revocation or account closure and a  
recharacterization, earlier. Use Code J, Q, or T as  
appropriate in box 7. Use Code 8 or P, if applicable, in box 7  
with Code J. Do not combine Code Q or T with any other  
codes.  
Designated Roth account. Generally, a distribution from a  
designated Roth account that is not a qualified distribution is  
taxable to the recipient under section 402 in the case of a  
plan qualified under section 401(a), under section 403(b)(1)  
in the case of a section 403(b) plan, and under section  
457(a)(1)(A) in the case of a governmental section 457(b)  
plan. For purposes of section 72, designated Roth  
contributions are treated as employer contributions, as  
described in section 72(f)(1) (that is, as includible in the  
participant's gross income).  
Examples. Participant A received a nonqualified  
distribution of $5,000 from the participant's designated Roth  
account. Immediately before the distribution, the participant's  
account balance was $10,000, consisting of $9,400 of  
designated Roth contributions and $600 of earnings. The  
taxable amount of the $5,000 distribution is $300  
However, for the distribution of excess Roth IRA  
contributions, report the gross distribution in box 1 and only  
the earnings in box 2a. Enter Code J and Code 8 or P in  
box 7.  
($600/$10,000 x $5,000). The nontaxable portion of the  
11  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
           
Box 2b. Total Distribution  
Roth IRA conversions. Report the total amount converted  
from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA  
in box 2a. Check the “Taxable amount not determined” box in  
box 2b. A conversion is considered a distribution and must be  
reported even if it is with the same trustee and even if the  
conversion is done by a trustee-to-trustee transfer. When an  
individual retirement annuity described in section 408(b) is  
converted to a Roth IRA, the amount that is treated as  
distributed is the FMV of the annuity contract on the date the  
annuity contract is converted. This rule also applies when a  
traditional IRA holds an annuity contract as an account asset  
and the traditional IRA is converted to a Roth IRA.  
Enter an “X” in this box only if the payment shown in box 1 is  
a total distribution. A total distribution is one or more  
distributions within 1 tax year in which the entire balance of  
the account is distributed. If periodic or installment payments  
are made, mark this box in the year the final payment is  
made.  
Box 3. Capital Gain (Included in Box 2a)  
If any amount is taxable as a capital gain, report it in box 3.  
Charitable gift annuities. Report in box 3 any amount from  
a charitable gift annuity that is taxable as a capital gain.  
Report in box 1 the total amount distributed during the year.  
Report in box 2a the taxable amount. Advise the annuity  
recipient of any amount in box 3 subject to the 28% rate gain  
for collectibles and any unrecaptured section 1250 gain.  
Report in box 5 any nontaxable amount. Enter Code F in  
box 7. See Regulations section 1.1011-2(c), Example 8.  
Determining the FMV of an individual retirement annuity  
issued by a company regularly engaged in the selling of  
contracts depends on the timing of the conversion as outlined  
in Q/A-14 of Regulations section 1.408A-4.  
For a Roth IRA conversion, use Code 2 in box 7 if the  
participant is under age 591/2 or Code 7 if the participant is at  
least age 591/2. Also, check the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox  
in box 7.  
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer  
matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP  
or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which  
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with  
the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in  
box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.  
Special rule for participants born before January 2,  
1936 (or their beneficiaries). For lump-sum distributions  
from qualified plans only, enter the amount in box 2a eligible  
for the capital gain election under section 1122(h)(3) of the  
Tax Reform Act of 1986 and section 641(f)(3) of the  
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001.  
Enter the full amount eligible for the capital gain election. You  
should not complete this box for a direct rollover.  
Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA. Generally, you are not  
required to compute the taxable amount of a traditional, SEP,  
or SIMPLE IRA or designate whether any part of a  
To compute the months of an employee's active  
participation before 1974, count as 12 months any part of a  
calendar year in which an employee actively participated  
under the plan; for active participation after 1973, count as 1  
month any part of a month in which the employee actively  
participated under the plan. See the Example, later.  
distribution is a return of basis attributable to nondeductible  
contributions. Therefore, except as provided below or  
elsewhere in these instructions, report the total amount  
distributed from a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA in box 2a.  
This will be the same amount reported in box 1. Check the  
Taxable amount not determined” box in box 2b.  
Active participation begins with the first month in which an  
employee became a participant under the plan and ends with  
the earliest of:  
For a distribution by a trust representing CDs redeemed  
The month in which the employee received a lump-sum  
early, report the net amount distributed. Do not include any  
amount paid for IRA insurance protection in this box.  
distribution under the plan;  
For an employee, other than a self-employed person or  
For a distribution of contributions plus earnings from an  
owner-employee, the month in which the employee separates  
from service;  
IRA before the due date of the return under section 408(d)(4),  
report the gross distribution in box 1, only the earnings in  
box 2a, and enter Code 8 or P, whichever is applicable, in  
box 7. Also, enter Code 1 or 4, if applicable.  
The month in which the employee dies; or  
For a self-employed person or owner-employee, the first  
month in which the employee becomes disabled within the  
meaning of section 72(m)(7).  
For a distribution of excess contributions without earnings  
after the due date of the individual's return under section  
408(d)(5), leave box 2a blank, and check the “Taxable  
amount not determined” box in box 2b. Use Code 1 or 7 in  
box 7 depending on the age of the participant.  
Example.  
For an amount in a traditional IRA or a SEP IRA paid  
directly to an accepting employer plan, or an amount in a  
SIMPLE IRA paid directly to an accepting employer plan after  
the first 2 years of plan participation, enter the gross amount  
in box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, and Code G in box 7.  
Box 2b. Taxable Amount Not Determined  
Enter an “X” in this box if you are unable to reasonably obtain  
the data needed to compute the taxable amount.  
In addition, enter an “X” in this box if you are an FFI  
reporting in box 1 to satisfy your chapter 4 reporting  
requirement under the election described in Regulations  
section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B).  
If you check this box, leave box 2a blank; but see  
Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA, earlier. Except for IRAs,  
make every effort to compute the taxable amount.  
12  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
         
Roth account distribution that is not directly rolled over. The  
recipient cannot claim exemption from the 20% withholding  
but may ask to have additional amounts withheld on Form  
W-4P, Withholding Certificate for Pension or Annuity  
Payments. If the recipient is not asking that additional  
amounts be withheld, Form W-4P is not required for an  
eligible rollover distribution because 20% withholding is  
mandatory.  
Method for Computing Amount Eligible for  
Capital Gain Election (See Box 3. Capital Gain  
(Included in Box 2a), earlier.)  
Step 1. Total Taxable Amount  
A. Total distribution  
B. Less:  
1. Current actuarial value of any annuity  
XXXXX  
XXXX  
Employer securities and plan loan offset amounts that are  
part of an eligible rollover distribution must be included in the  
amount multiplied by 20% (0.20). However, the actual  
amount to be withheld cannot be more than the sum of the  
cash and the FMV of property (excluding employer securities  
and plan loan offset amounts). For example, if the only part of  
an eligible rollover distribution that is not a direct rollover is  
employer securities or a plan loan offset amount, no  
withholding is required. However, unless otherwise exempt,  
any cash that is paid in the distribution must be used to  
satisfy the withholding on the employer securities or plan loan  
offset amount.  
2. Employee contributions or designated Roth  
contributions (minus any amounts previously  
distributed that were not includible in the  
employee's gross income)  
3. Net unrealized appreciation in the value of any  
employer securities that was a part of the  
lump-sum distribution  
XXXX  
XXXX  
C. Total of lines 1 through 3  
XXXXX  
XXXXX  
D. Total taxable amount. Subtract line C from line  
A.  
Step 2. Capital Gain  
Depending on the type of plan or arrangement, the payer  
or, in some cases, the plan administrator is required to  
withhold 20% of eligible rollover distributions from a qualified  
plan's distributed annuity and on eligible rollover distributions  
from a governmental section 457(b) plan. For additional  
information, see section 3405(d) and Regulations sections  
35.3405-1T, Q/A A-13; and 31.3405(c)-1, Q/A-4 and -5. For  
governmental section 457(b) plans only, see Notice 2003-20  
on page 894 of I.R.B. 2003-19.  
Total taxable  
amount  
line D  
Months of active  
participation before 1974  
X
____________________  
Total months of active  
participation  
= Capital gain  
Any NUA excludable from gross income under section  
402(e)(4) is not included in the amount of any eligible rollover  
distribution that is subject to 20% withholding.  
You are not required to withhold 20% of an eligible rollover  
distribution that, when aggregated with other eligible rollover  
distributions made to one person during the year, is less than  
$200.  
IRAs. The 20% withholding does not apply to distributions  
from any IRA, but withholding does apply to IRAs under the  
rules for periodic payments and nonperiodic distributions. For  
withholding, assume that the entire amount of a distribution  
from an IRA other than a Roth IRA is taxable (except for the  
distribution of contributions under section 408(d)(4), in which  
only the earnings are taxable, and section 408(d)(5), as  
applicable). Generally, Roth IRA distributions are not subject  
to withholding except on the earnings portion of excess  
contributions distributed under section 408(d)(4).  
Box 4. Federal Income Tax Withheld  
Enter any federal income tax withheld. This withholding  
under section 3405 is subject to deposit rules and the  
withholding tax return is Form 945. Backup withholding does  
not apply. See Pub. 15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax  
Guide, and the Instructions for Form 945 for more withholding  
information.  
Even though you may be using Code 1 in box 7 to  
designate an early distribution subject to the 10% additional  
tax specified in section 72(q), (t), or (v), you are not required  
to withhold that tax.  
The amount withheld cannot be more than the sum of  
the cash and the FMV of property (excluding  
TIP  
employer securities) received in the distribution. If a  
distribution consists solely of employer securities and cash  
($200 or less) in lieu of fractional shares, no withholding is  
required.  
An IRA recharacterization is not subject to income tax  
withholding.  
Periodic payments. For periodic payments that are not  
eligible rollover distributions, withhold on the taxable part as  
though the periodic payments were wages, based on the  
recipient's Form W-4P. The recipient may request additional  
withholding on Form W-4P or claim exemption from  
withholding. If a recipient does not submit a Form W-4P,  
withhold by treating the recipient as single with no  
To determine your withholding requirements for any  
designated distribution under section 3405, you must first  
determine whether the distribution is an eligible rollover  
distribution. See Direct Rollovers, earlier, for a discussion of  
eligible rollover distributions. If the distribution is not an  
eligible rollover distribution, the rules for periodic payments or  
nonperiodic distributions apply. For purposes of withholding,  
distributions from any IRA are not eligible rollover  
distributions.  
Eligible rollover distribution; 20% withholding. If an  
eligible rollover distribution is paid directly to an eligible  
retirement plan in a direct rollover, do not withhold federal  
income tax. If any part of an eligible rollover distribution is not  
a direct rollover, you must withhold 20% of the part that is  
paid to the recipient and includible in gross income. This  
includes the earnings portion of any nonqualified designated  
adjustments. See Regulations section 35.3405-1T, Q/A A-9,  
for a definition of periodic payments. See Pub. 15-A for  
additional information regarding withholding on periodic  
payments and Pub. 15-T for applicable tables used to  
determine withholding on periodic payments.  
Rather than Form W-4P, military retirees should give  
you Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Certificate.  
TIP  
13  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
       
If you are unable to reasonably obtain the data necessary  
to compute the taxable amount, leave box 2a blank, leave  
box 5 blank (except in the case of a payment of reportable  
death benefits), and check the first box in box 2b. In the case  
of a payment of reportable death benefits, box 5 must be  
completed.  
Nonperiodic distributions. Withhold 10% of the taxable  
part of a nonperiodic distribution that is not an eligible rollover  
distribution. In most cases, designated distributions from any  
IRA are treated as nonperiodic distributions subject to  
withholding at the 10% rate even if the distributions are paid  
over a periodic basis. See Regulations section 35.3405-1T,  
Q/A F-15. The recipient may request additional withholding  
on Form W-4R or claim exemption from withholding. For  
more information on nonperiodic distributions and  
withholding, see Regulations section 35-3405-1T, Q/A A-12,  
and parts C, D, and F.  
For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-86, 1992-2 C.B.  
495, and section 72(d).  
For reporting charitable gift annuities, see Charitable gift  
annuities, earlier.  
Failure to provide TIN. For periodic payments and  
nonperiodic distributions, if a payee fails to furnish their  
correct TIN to you in the manner required, or if the IRS  
notifies you before any distribution that the TIN furnished is  
incorrect, a payee cannot claim exemption from withholding.  
For periodic payments, withhold as if the payee was single  
claiming no withholding allowances. For nonperiodic  
payments, withhold 10%. Backup withholding does not apply.  
Box 6. Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) in  
Employer's Securities  
Use this box if a distribution from a qualified plan (except a  
qualified distribution from a designated Roth account)  
includes securities of the employer corporation (or a  
subsidiary or parent corporation) and you can compute the  
NUA in the employer's securities. Enter all the NUA in  
employer securities if this is a lump-sum distribution. If this is  
not a lump-sum distribution, enter only the NUA in employer  
securities attributable to employee contributions. See  
Regulations section 1.402(a)-1(b) for the determination of the  
NUA. Also, see Notice 89-25, Q/A-1, 1989-1 C.B. 662.  
Include the NUA in box 1 but not in box 2a except in the case  
of a direct rollover to a Roth IRA or a designated Roth  
account in the same plan (see Notice 2009-75, Q/A-1, and  
Notice 2010-84, Q/A-7). You do not have to complete this box  
for a direct rollover.  
Box 5. Employee Contributions/Designated Roth  
Account Contributions or Insurance Premiums  
Enter the employee's contributions, designated Roth account  
contributions, or insurance premiums that the employee may  
recover tax free this year (even if they exceed the box 1  
amount). The entry in box 5 may include any of the following:  
(a) designated Roth account contributions or contributions  
actually made on behalf of the employee over the years  
under the plan that were required to be included in the  
income of the employee when contributed (after-tax  
Box 7. Distribution Code(s)  
contributions), (b) contributions made by the employer but  
considered to have been contributed by the employee under  
section 72(f), (c) the accumulated cost of premiums paid for  
life insurance protection taxable to the employee in previous  
years and in the current year under Regulations section  
1.72-16 (cost of current life insurance protection) (only if the  
life insurance contract itself is distributed), and (d) premiums  
paid on commercial annuities. Do not include any DVECs,  
any elective deferrals, or any contribution to a retirement plan  
that was not an after-tax contribution.  
Generally, for qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and  
nonqualified commercial annuities, enter in box 5 the  
employee contributions or insurance premiums recovered tax  
free during the year based on the method you used to  
determine the taxable amount to be entered in box 2a. On a  
separate Form 1099-R, include the portion of the employee's  
basis that has been distributed from a designated Roth  
account. See the Examples in the instructions for box 2a,  
earlier.  
Enter an “X” in the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox if the  
distribution is from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE  
IRA. Do not check the box for a distribution from a Roth IRA  
or for an IRA recharacterization.  
Enter the appropriate code(s) in box 7. Use Table 1 to  
determine the appropriate code(s) to enter in box 7 for any  
amounts reported on Form 1099-R. Read the codes carefully  
and enter them accurately because the IRS uses the codes  
to help determine whether the recipient has properly reported  
the distribution. If the codes you enter are incorrect, the IRS  
may improperly propose changes to the recipient's taxes.  
When applicable, enter a numeric and an alpha code. For  
example, when using Code P for a traditional IRA distribution  
under section 408(d)(4), you must also enter Code 1, if it  
applies. For a normal distribution from a qualified plan that  
qualifies for the 10-year tax option, enter Codes 7 and A. For  
a direct rollover to an IRA or a qualified plan for the surviving  
spouse of a deceased participant, or on behalf of a  
nonspouse designated beneficiary, enter Codes 4 and G  
(Codes 4 and H if from a designated Roth account to a Roth  
IRA). If two or more distribution codes are not valid  
If periodic payments began before 1993, you are not  
required, but you are encouraged, to report in box 5.  
If you made periodic payments from a qualified plan  
combinations, you must file more than one Form 1099-R.  
and the annuity starting date is after November 18,  
!
CAUTION  
Enter a maximum of two alphanumeric codes in  
1996, you must use the simplified method to figure  
box 7. See Table 1 for allowable combinations. Only  
the tax-free amount each year. See Annuity starting date in  
1998 or later, earlier.  
!
CAUTION  
three numeric combinations are permitted on one  
Form 1099-R: Codes 8 and 1, 8 and 2, or 8 and 4. If two or  
more other numeric codes are applicable, you must file more  
than one Form 1099-R. For example, if part of a distribution is  
premature (Code 1) and part is not (Code 7), file one Form  
1099-R for the part to which Code 1 applies and another  
Form 1099-R for the part to which Code 7 applies. In  
If a total distribution is made, the total employee  
contributions or insurance premiums available to be  
recovered tax free must be shown only in box 5. If any  
previous distributions were made, any amount recovered tax  
free in prior years must not appear in box 5.  
For payments of reportable death benefits, enter your  
estimate of the buyer’s investment in the contract in box 5.  
addition, for the distribution of excess deferrals, parts of the  
distribution may be taxable in 2 different years. File separate  
14  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
       
Forms 1099-R using Code 8 or P to indicate the year the  
amount is taxable.  
Box 8. Other  
Enter the current actuarial value of an annuity contract that is  
part of a lump-sum distribution. Do not include this item in  
boxes 1 and 2a.  
If a qualified plan loan offset occurs in a designated  
Roth account (Codes M and B), or a loan is treated  
!
CAUTION  
as a deemed distribution under section 72(p) (Codes  
To determine the value of an annuity contract, show the  
value as an amount equal to the current actuarial value of the  
annuity contract, reduced by an amount equal to the excess  
of the employee's contributions over the cash and other  
property (not including the annuity contract) distributed.  
L and B) and a numeric code is needed to indicate whether  
the recipient is subject to the 10% tax under section 72(t),  
omit Code M or L, as applicable.  
Even if the employee/taxpayer is age 591/2 or over, use  
Code 1 if a series of substantially equal periodic payments  
was modified within 5 years of the date of the first payment  
(within the meaning of section 72(q)(3) or (t)(4)), if you have  
been reporting distributions in previous years using Code 2.  
If an annuity contract is part of a multiple recipient  
lump-sum distribution, enter in box 8, along with the current  
actuarial value, the percentage of the total annuity contract  
each Form 1099-R represents.  
For example, Jordan began receiving payments that  
qualified for the exception for part of a series of substantially  
equal periodic payments under section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv) when  
they were 57. When they were 61, Jordan modified the  
payments. Because the payments were modified within 5  
years, use Code 1 in the year the payments were modified,  
even though Jordan is over 591/2.  
Also, enter in box 8 the amount of the reduction in the  
investment (but not below 0 (zero)) against the cash value of  
an annuity contract or the cash surrender value of a life  
insurance contract due to charges or payments for qualified  
long-term care insurance contracts.  
Box 9a. Your Percentage of Total Distribution  
If this is a total distribution and it is made to more than one  
person, enter the percentage received by the person whose  
name appears on Form 1099-R. You need not complete this  
box for any IRA distributions or for a direct rollover.  
If you do not know that the taxpayer meets the  
requirements for substantially equal periodic payments under  
section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv), use Code 1 to report the payments.  
For further guidance on what makes a series of  
substantially equal periodic payments, see Notice  
!
Box 9b. Total Employee Contributions  
CAUTION  
2022-6, 2022-05 I.R.B. 460. Note that section 72(t)  
You are not required to enter the total employee contributions  
or designated Roth contributions in box 9b. However,  
because this information may be helpful to the recipient, you  
may choose to report them.  
(2)(A) generally provides that periodic payments will not fail  
to be treated as substantially equal merely because they are  
amounts received as an annuity, and that periodic payments  
shall be deemed to be substantially equal if they are payable  
over a period described in section 72(t)(2)(A)(iv) and satisfy  
the requirements for annuity payments under section 401(a)  
(9).  
If you choose to report the total employee contributions or  
designated Roth contributions, do not include any amounts  
recovered tax free in prior years. For a total distribution,  
report the total employee contributions or designated Roth  
contributions in box 5 rather than in box 9b.  
If part of a distribution is paid in a direct rollover and part is  
not, you must file a separate Form 1099-R for each part  
showing the appropriate code on each form.  
Box 10. Amount Allocable to IRR Within 5 Years  
Governmental section 457(b) plan distributions.  
Generally, a distribution from a governmental section 457(b)  
plan is not subject to the 10% additional tax under section  
72(t). However, an early distribution from a governmental  
section 457(b) plan of an amount that is attributable to a  
rollover from another type of eligible retirement plan or IRA is  
subject to the additional tax as if the distribution were from a  
plan described in section 401(a). See section 72(t)(9). If the  
distribution consists solely of amounts that are not  
attributable to such a rollover, enter Code 2 in box 7. If the  
distribution consists solely of amounts attributable to such a  
rollover, then enter the appropriate code in box 7 as if the  
distribution were from a plan described in section 401(a). If  
the distribution is made up of amounts from both sources,  
you must file separate Forms 1099-R for each part of the  
distribution unless Code 2 would be entered on  
Enter the amount of the distribution allocable to an IRR made  
within the 5-year period beginning with the first day of the  
year in which the rollover was made. Do not complete this  
box if an exception under section 72(t) applies.  
For further guidance on determining amounts allocable to  
an IRR, see Notice 2010-84, Q/A-13.  
Box 11. First Year of Desig. Roth Contrib.  
Enter the first year of the 5-tax-year period. This is the year in  
which the designated Roth account was first established by  
the recipient.  
Box 12. FATCA Filing Requirement Checkbox  
Check the box if you are an FFI reporting a cash value  
insurance contract or annuity contract that is a U.S. account  
in a manner similar to that required under section 6047(d).  
See Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B) for this election.  
In addition, check the box if you are a U.S. payer that is  
reporting on Form 1099-R as part of satisfying your  
requirement to report with respect to a U.S. account for  
chapter 4 purposes, as described in Regulations section  
1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A).  
each form.  
Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs. Employer  
matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP  
or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which  
the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with  
the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in  
box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.  
Box 13. Date of Payment  
Enter here the date payment was made for reportable death  
benefits under section 6050Y.  
15  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
         
appropriate. In box 15, enter the abbreviated name of the  
state and the payer's state identification number. The state  
number is the payer's identification number assigned by the  
individual state. In box 18, enter the name of the locality. In  
boxes 16 and 19, you may enter the amount of the state or  
local distribution. Copy 1 may be used to provide information  
to the state or local tax department. Copy 2 may be used as  
the recipient's copy in filing a state or local income tax return.  
Boxes 14–19. State and Local Information  
These boxes and Copies 1 and 2 are provided for your  
convenience only and need not be completed for the IRS.  
Use the state and local information boxes to report  
distributions and taxes for up to two states or localities. Keep  
the information for each state or locality separated by the  
broken line. If state or local income tax has been withheld on  
this distribution, you may enter it in boxes 14 and 17, as  
Table 1. Guide to Distribution Codes  
Guide to Distribution Codes  
*Used with code (if  
applicable)  
Distribution Codes  
Explanations  
1—Early distribution, no known exception.  
Use Code 1 only if the participant has not reached age 591/2, and you do not  
know if any of the exceptions under Code 2, 3, or 4 apply. However, use Code 1  
even if the distribution is made for medical expenses, health insurance premiums,  
qualified higher education expenses, a first-time home purchase, a qualified  
reservist distribution, or a qualified birth or adoption distribution under section  
72(t)(2)(B), (D), (E), (F), (G), or (H). Code 1 must also be used even if a taxpayer  
is 591/2 or older and they modify a series of substantially equal periodic payments  
under section 72(q), (t), or (v) prior to the end of the 5-year period that began with  
the first payment.  
8, B, D, K, L, M, or P  
2—Early distribution, exception applies.  
Use Code 2 only if the participant has not reached age 591/2 and you know the 8, B, D, K, L, M, or P  
distribution is the any of the following.  
A Roth IRA conversion (an IRA converted to a Roth IRA).  
A distribution made from a qualified retirement plan or IRA because of an IRS  
levy under section 6331.  
A governmental section 457(b) plan distribution that is not subject to the  
additional 10% tax. But see Governmental section 457(b) plans, earlier, for  
information on distributions that may be subject to the 10% additional tax.  
A distribution from a qualified retirement plan after separation from service in  
or after the year the participant has reached age 55.  
A distribution from a governmental plan to a public safety employee (as  
defined in section 72(t)(10)(B)) after separation from service, in or after the year  
the employee has reached age 50 or 25 years of service under the plan,  
whichever is earlier. A distribution from a qualified plan, a section 403(a) plan, or a  
section 403(b) plan to an employee who provides firefighting services, after  
separation from service, in or after the year the employee has reached age 50 or  
25 years of service under the plan, whichever is earlier.  
A distribution that is part of a series of substantially equal periodic payments,  
as described in section 72(q), (t), (u), or (v).  
A distribution that is a permissible withdrawal under an eligible automatic  
contribution arrangement (EACA).  
Any other distribution subject to an exception under section 72(q), (t), (u), or  
(v) that is not required to be reported using Code 1, 3, or 4.  
An employer matching or nonelective contribution made to a Roth SEP IRA or  
a Roth SIMPLE IRA.  
3—Disability.  
4—Death.  
For these purposes, see section 72(m)(7) and Rev. Rul. 85-105, 1985-2 C.B. 53.  
D
Use Code 4 regardless of the age of the participant to indicate payment to a  
decedent's beneficiary, including an estate or trust. Also, use it for death benefit  
payments made by an employer but not made as part of a pension, profit-sharing,  
or retirement plan. Also, use it for payments of reportable death benefits.  
8, A, B, D, G, H, K, L, M, or P  
5—Prohibited transaction.  
6—Section 1035 exchange.  
Use Code 5 if there was a prohibited transaction involving the IRA account. Code None  
5 means the account is no longer an IRA.  
Use Code 6 to indicate the tax-free exchange of life insurance, annuity, long-term  
care insurance, or endowment contracts under section 1035.  
W
16  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
           
Guide to Distribution Codes  
Explanations  
*Used with code (if  
applicable)  
Distribution Codes  
7—Normal distribution.  
Use Code 7: (a) for a normal distribution from a plan, including a traditional IRA,  
section 401(k), or section 403(b) plan, if the employee/taxpayer is at least age  
591/2; (b) for a Roth IRA conversion if the participant is at least age 591/2; and (c)  
to report a distribution from a life insurance, annuity, or endowment contract and  
for reporting income from a failed life insurance contract under section 7702(g)  
and (h). See Rev. Proc. 2008-42, 2008-29 I.R.B. 160, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
2008-29_IRB#RP-2008-42. Generally, use Code 7 if no other code applies. Do  
not use Code 7 for a Roth IRA.  
A, B, D, K, L, or M  
Note. Code 1 must be used even if a taxpayer is age 591/2 or older and they  
modify a series of substantially equal periodic payments under section 72(q), (t),  
or (v) prior to the end of the 5-year period that began with the first payment.  
8—Excess contributions plus earnings/excess  
deferrals (and/or earnings) taxable in 2024.  
Use Code 8 for a corrective IRA distribution under section 408(d)(4), unless Code 1, 2, 4, B, J, or K  
P applies. Also, use this code for corrective distributions of excess deferrals,  
excess contributions, and excess aggregate contributions, unless Code P  
Closure, earlier, for more information.  
9—Cost of current life insurance protection.  
A—May be eligible for 10-year tax option.  
Use Code 9 to report premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for current life or  
other insurance protection. See the instructions for Box 2a. Taxable Amount,  
earlier, for more information.  
None  
Use Code A only for participants born before January 2, 1936, or their  
beneficiaries to indicate the distribution may be eligible for the 10-year tax option  
method of computing the tax on lump-sum distributions (on Form 4972, Tax on  
Lump-Sum Distributions). To determine whether the distribution may be eligible  
for the tax option, you need not consider whether the recipient used this method  
(or capital gain treatment) in the past.  
4 or 7  
B—Designated Roth account distribution.  
Use Code B for a distribution from a designated Roth account. But use Code E for 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, G, L, M, P, or U  
a section 415 distribution under EPCRS (see Code E) or Code H for a direct  
rollover to a Roth IRA.  
C—Reportable death benefits under section 6050Y. Use Code C for a distribution to report payments of reportable death benefits.  
D
D—Annuity payments from nonqualified annuities Use Code D for a distribution from any plan or arrangement not described in  
1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or C  
and distributions from life insurance contracts  
that may be subject to tax under section 1411.  
section 401(a), 403(a), 403(b), 408, 408A, or 457(b).  
E—Distributions under Employee Plans  
Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS).  
(EPCRS), earlier.  
None  
F—Charitable gift annuity.  
See Charitable gift annuities, earlier.  
None  
G—Direct rollover and direct payment.  
Use Code G for a direct rollover from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a  
governmental section 457(b) plan to an eligible retirement plan (another qualified  
plan, a section 403(b) plan, a governmental section 457(b) plan, or an IRA). See  
Direct Rollovers , earlier. Also, use Code G for a direct payment from an IRA to an  
accepting employer plan, for IRRs that are direct rollovers, and to report  
designated Roth nonelective contributions and designated Roth matching  
contributions for the year in which the contributions are allocated.  
Note. Do not use Code G for a direct rollover from a designated Roth account to a  
Roth IRA. Use Code H.  
4, B, or K  
H—Direct rollover of a designated Roth account  
distribution to a Roth IRA.  
Use Code H for a direct rollover of a distribution from a designated Roth account  
to a Roth IRA.  
4
J—Early distribution from a Roth IRA.  
Use Code J for a distribution from a Roth IRA when Code Q or T does not apply.  
But use Code 2 for an IRS levy and Code 5 for a prohibited transaction.  
8 or P  
K—Distribution of traditional IRA assets not  
having a readily available FMV.  
Use Code K to report distributions of IRA assets not having a readily available  
FMV. These assets may include:  
1, 2, 4, 7, 8, or G  
Stock, other ownership interest in a corporation, short- or long-term debt  
obligations, not readily tradable on an established securities market;  
Ownership interest in a limited liability company (LLC), partnership, trust, or  
similar entity (unless the interest is traded on an established securities market);  
Real estate;  
Option contracts or similar products not offered for trade on an established  
option exchange; or  
Other asset that does not have a readily available FMV.  
17  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
 
Guide to Distribution Codes  
Explanations  
*Used with code (if  
applicable)  
Distribution Codes  
L—Loans treated as deemed distributions under  
section 72(p).  
Do not use Code L to report a plan loan offset. See Loans Treated as  
Distributions, earlier.  
1, 2, 4, 7, or B  
M—Qualified plan loan offset.  
Use Code M for a qualified plan loan offset (which is generally a type of plan loan 1, 2, 4, 7, or B  
offset due to severance from employment or termination of the plan). See Plan  
loan offsets, earlier.  
N—Recharacterized IRA contribution made for  
2024.  
Use Code N for a recharacterization of an IRA contribution made for 2024 and  
recharacterized in 2024 to another type of IRA by a trustee-to-trustee transfer or  
with the same trustee.  
None  
P—Excess contributions plus earnings/excess  
deferrals taxable in 2023.  
See the explanation for Code 8. The IRS suggests that anyone using Code P for  
the refund of an IRA contribution under section 408(d)(4), including excess Roth  
IRA contributions, advise payees, at the time the distribution is made, that the  
earnings are taxable in the year in which the contributions were made.  
1, 2, 4, B, or J  
Q—Qualified distribution from a Roth IRA.  
Use Code Q for a distribution from a Roth IRA if you know that the participant  
meets the 5-year holding period and:  
None  
The participant has reached age 591/2,  
The participant died, or  
The participant is disabled.  
Note. If any other code, such as 8 or P, applies, use Code J.  
R—Recharacterized IRA contribution made for  
2023.  
Use Code R for a recharacterization of an IRA contribution made for 2023 and  
recharacterized in 2024 to another type of IRA by a trustee-to-trustee transfer or  
with the same trustee.  
None  
None  
S—Early distribution from a SIMPLE IRA in the  
first 2 years, no known exception.  
Use Code S only if the distribution is from a SIMPLE IRA in the first 2 years, the  
employee/taxpayer has not reached age 591/2, and none of the exceptions under  
section 72(t) are known to apply when the distribution is made. The 2-year period  
begins on the day contributions are first deposited in the individual's SIMPLE IRA.  
Do not use Code S if Code 3 or 4 applies.  
T—Roth IRA distribution, exception applies.  
Use Code T for a distribution from a Roth IRA if you do not know if the 5-year  
holding period has been met but:  
None  
The participant has reached age 591/2,  
The participant died, or  
The participant is disabled.  
Note. If any other code, such as 8 or P, applies, use Code J.  
U—Dividends distributed from an ESOP under  
section 404(k).  
Use Code U for a distribution of dividends from an employee stock ownership  
plan (ESOP) under section 404(k). These are not eligible rollover distributions.  
Note. Do not report dividends paid by the corporation directly to plan participants  
or their beneficiaries. Continue to report those dividends on Form 1099-DIV.  
B
6
W—Charges or payments for purchasing qualified Use Code W for charges or payments for purchasing qualified long-term care  
long-term care insurance contracts under  
combined arrangements.  
insurance contracts under combined arrangements that are excludable under  
section 72(e)(11) against the cash value of an annuity contract or the cash  
surrender value of a life insurance contract.  
*See the first two Cautions for the box 7 instructions, earlier.  
You are required to file Form 5498 even if required  
minimum distributions (RMDs) or other annuity or  
periodic payments have started.  
Specific Instructions for Form 5498  
!
CAUTION  
File Form 5498, IRA Contribution Information, with the IRS by  
May 31, 2025, for each person for whom in 2024 you  
maintained any individual retirement arrangement (IRA),  
including a deemed IRA under section 408(q).  
Report contributions to a Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal  
IRA under section 219(c) on a separate Form 5498 using the  
name and TIN of the spouse.  
An IRA includes all investments under one IRA plan. It is  
not necessary to file a Form 5498 for each investment under  
one plan. For example, if a participant has three certificates  
of deposit (CDs) under one IRA plan, only one Form 5498 is  
required for all contributions and the fair market values  
(FMVs) of the CDs under the plan. However, if a participant  
has established more than one IRA plan with the same  
trustee, a separate Form 5498 must be filed for each plan.  
Contributions. You must report contributions to any IRA on  
Form 5498. See the instructions under boxes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9,  
10, 13a, and 14a, later. If no reportable contributions were  
made for 2024, complete only boxes 5 and 7, and boxes 11,  
12a, 12b, 15a, and 15b, if applicable. See Reporting FMV of  
For contributions made between January 1 and April 15,  
2025, trustees and issuers should obtain the participant's  
designation of the year for which the contributions are made.  
Direct rollovers, transfers, and recharacterizations. You  
must report the receipt of a direct rollover from a qualified  
plan, section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b)  
plan to an IRA. Report a direct rollover in box 2. For  
information on direct rollovers of eligible rollover distributions,  
see Direct Rollovers, earlier.  
If a rollover or trustee-to-trustee transfer is made from a  
savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE) IRA to  
an IRA that is not a SIMPLE IRA and the trustee has  
adequately substantiated information that the participant has  
not satisfied the first 2 years of plan participation, report the  
18  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
   
amount as a regular contribution in box 1 even if the amount  
exceeds $6,500 ($7,500 for participants 50 or older).  
Transfers. Do not report on Form 5498 a  
closed IRA, see IRA Revocation or Account Closure under  
the Specific Instructions for Form 1099-R, earlier.  
Total distribution, no contributions. Generally, if a total  
distribution was made from an account during the year and  
no contributions, including rollovers, recharacterizations, or  
Roth IRA conversion amounts, were made for that year, you  
need not file Form 5498 or furnish the annual statement to  
reflect that the FMV on December 31 was zero.  
RMDs. An IRA (other than a Roth IRA) owner/participant  
must begin taking distributions for each calendar year  
beginning with the calendar year in which the participant  
attains age 73 (it was age 72 for participants who attained  
age 72 before 2022). The distribution for the 73 year old must  
be made no later than April 1 of the following calendar year;  
RMDs for any other year must be made no later than  
December 31 of the year. See Public Law (P.L.) 117-328, Div.  
T, Title III, section 107.  
For each IRA you held as of December 31 of the prior  
year, if an RMD is required for the year, you must provide a  
statement to the IRA participant by January 31 regarding the  
RMD using one of two alternative methods described below.  
You are not required to use the same method for all IRA  
participants; you can use Alternative one for some IRA  
participants and Alternative two for the rest. Under both  
methods, the statement must inform the participant that you  
are reporting to the IRS that an RMD is required for the year.  
The statement can be provided in conjunction with the  
statement of the FMV.  
trustee-to-trustee transfer from (a) a traditional IRA or a  
simplified employee pension (SEP) IRA to another traditional  
IRA or SEP IRA, or to a SIMPLE IRA after the first 2 years of  
plan participation; (b) a SIMPLE IRA to another SIMPLE IRA,  
or to a traditional IRA or SEP IRA after the first 2 years of plan  
participation; or (c) a Roth IRA to another Roth IRA.  
Recharacterizations. You must report each  
recharacterization of an IRA contribution. If a participant  
makes a contribution to an IRA (first IRA) for a year, the  
participant may choose to recharacterize the contribution by  
transferring, in a trustee-to-trustee transfer, any part of the  
contribution (plus earnings) to another IRA (second IRA). The  
contribution is treated as made to the second IRA  
(recharacterization). A recharacterization may be made with  
the same trustee or with another trustee. The trustee of the  
first IRA must report the amount contributed before the  
recharacterization as a contribution on Form 5498 and the  
recharacterization as a distribution on Form 1099-R. The  
trustee of the second IRA must report the amount received  
(FMV) in box 4 on Form 5498 and check the type of IRA in  
box 7.  
All recharacterized contributions received by an IRA in the  
same year must be totaled and reported on one Form 5498 in  
box 4. You may report the FMV of the account on the same  
Form 5498 you use to report a recharacterization of an IRA  
contribution and any other contributions made to the IRA for  
the year.  
No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018 or  
later. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and a  
rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a Roth IRA,  
made in the participant’s tax years beginning after December  
31, 2017, cannot be recharacterized as having been made to  
a traditional IRA.  
Catch-up contributions. Participants who are age 50 or  
older by the end of the year may be eligible to make catch-up  
IRA contributions or catch-up elective deferral contributions.  
The annual IRA regular contribution limit of $6,500 is  
increased to $7,500 for participants age 50 or older.  
Catch-up elective deferral contributions reported on Form  
5498 may be made under a salary reduction SEP (SARSEP)  
or under a SIMPLE IRA plan. For 2024, up to $7,500 in  
catch-up elective deferral contributions may be made under a  
SARSEP, and up to $3,500 to a SIMPLE IRA plan. For more  
information on catch-up elective deferral contributions, see  
Regulations section 1.414(v)-1.  
Include any catch-up amounts when reporting  
contributions for the year in box 1, 8, 9, or 10, or for a prior  
year in box 13a.  
Roth IRA conversions. You must report the receipt of a  
conversion from an IRA to a Roth IRA even if the conversion  
is with the same trustee. Report the total amount converted  
from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA  
in box 3.  
IRA revocation or account closure. If a traditional IRA,  
Roth IRA, or SIMPLE IRA is revoked during its first 7 days  
(under Regulations section 1.408-6(d)(4)(ii)) or closed at any  
time by the IRA trustee pursuant to its resignation or such  
other event mandating the closure of the account, Form 5498  
must be filed to report any regular, rollover, IRA conversion,  
SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA contributions to the IRA. For  
information about reporting a distribution from a revoked or  
If the IRA participant is deceased, and the surviving  
spouse is the sole beneficiary, special rules apply for RMD  
reporting. If the surviving spouse elects to treat the IRA as  
the spouse's own, then report with the surviving spouse as  
the owner. However, if the surviving spouse does not elect to  
treat the IRA as the spouse's own, then you must continue to  
treat the surviving spouse as the beneficiary. Until further  
guidance is issued, no reporting is required for IRAs of  
deceased participants (except where the surviving spouse  
elects to treat the IRA as the spouse's own, as described  
above).  
Alternative one. Under this method, include in the  
statement the amount of the RMD with respect to the IRA for  
the calendar year and the date by which the distribution must  
be made. The amount may be calculated assuming the sole  
beneficiary of the IRA is not a spouse more than 10 years  
younger than the participant. Use the value of the account as  
of December 31 of the prior year to compute the amount. See  
the instructions for boxes 11. Check if RMD for 2024, 12a.  
RMD Date, and 12b. RMD Amount, later, for how to report.  
Alternative two. Under this method, the statement  
informs the participant that a minimum distribution with  
respect to the IRA is required for the calendar year and the  
date by which such amount must be distributed. You must  
include an offer to furnish the participant with a calculation of  
the amount of the RMD if requested by the participant.  
Electronic filing. These statements may be furnished  
electronically using the procedures described in part F of the  
current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.  
Reporting to the IRS. If an RMD is required, check  
box 11. See Box 11. Check if RMD for 2024, later. For  
example, box 11 is checked on the Form 5498 for a 2025  
RMD. You are not required to report to the IRS the amount or  
the date by which the distribution must be made. However,  
see the Caution following the box 11 instructions, later, for  
reporting RMDs to participants.  
19  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
           
For more details, see Notice 2002-27 on page 814 of  
I.R.B. 2002-18 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb02-18.pdf, as  
clarified by Notice 2003-3 on page 258 of I.R.B. 2003-2 at  
Inherited IRAs. In the year an IRA participant dies, you, as  
an IRA trustee or issuer, must generally file a Form 5498 and  
furnish an annual statement for the decedent and a Form  
5498 and an annual statement for each nonspouse  
For more information about the reporting requirements for  
inherited IRAs, see Rev. Proc. 89-52, 1989-2 C.B. 632.  
Disaster relief reporting. Special rules apply to tax-favored  
withdrawals, income inclusion, and repayments for  
individuals who suffered economic losses as a result of  
certain major disasters. See Disaster-Related Relief in Pub.  
590-B, for more information.  
For information about disaster relief available in your area,  
beneficiary. An IRA holder must be able to identify the source  
of each IRA they hold for purposes of figuring the taxation of  
a distribution from an IRA. Thus, the decedent's name must  
be shown on the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual  
statement. For example, you may enter “Brian Willow as  
beneficiary of Joan Maple” or something similar that signifies  
that the IRA was once owned by Joan Maple. You may  
abbreviate the word “beneficiary” as, for example, “bene.”  
For a spouse beneficiary, unless the spouse makes the  
IRA their own, treat the spouse as a nonspouse beneficiary  
for reporting purposes. If the spouse makes the IRA their  
own, do not report the beneficiary designation on Form 5498  
and the annual statement.  
An IRA set up to receive a direct rollover for a nonspouse  
designated beneficiary is treated as an inherited IRA.  
FMV. On the decedent's Form 5498 and annual statement,  
you must enter the FMV of the IRA on the date of death in  
box 5. Or you may choose the alternate reporting method and  
report the FMV as of the end of the year in which the  
decedent died. This alternate value will usually be zero  
because you will be reporting the end-of-year valuation on  
the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual statement. The same  
figure should not be shown on both the beneficiary's and  
decedent's forms. If you choose to report using the alternate  
method, you must inform the executor or administrator of the  
decedent's estate of their right to request a date-of-death  
valuation.  
On the beneficiary's Form 5498 and annual statement, the  
FMV of that beneficiary's share of the IRA as of the end of the  
year must be shown in box 5. Every year thereafter that the  
IRA exists, you must file Form 5498 and furnish an annual  
statement for each beneficiary who has not received a total  
distribution of their share of the IRA showing the FMV at the  
end of the year and identifying the IRA, as described above.  
including postponements, go to IRS News Around the Nation.  
See the instructions for boxes 13a through 13c for  
reporting postponed contributions, later.  
Special reporting for U.S. Armed Forces in designated  
combat zones. A participant who is serving in, or in support  
of, the Armed Forces in a designated combat zone or  
qualified hazardous duty area has an additional period after  
the normal contribution due date of April 15 to make IRA  
contributions for a prior year. The period is the time the  
participant was in the designated zone or area plus at least  
180 days. The participant must designate the IRA  
contribution for a prior year to claim it as a deduction on the  
income tax return.  
Under section 219(f), combat zone compensation that is  
excluded from gross income under section 112 is treated as  
includible compensation for purposes of determining IRA  
contributions.  
A qualifying participant is:  
Serving or has served in a combat zone;  
Serving or has served in a qualifying hazardous duty area;  
or  
Serving or has served in an active direct support area.  
If a qualifying participant designates an IRA contribution  
for a prior year, other than an IRA contribution made by April  
15 for the preceding year, you must report the type of IRA  
(box 7) and the amount on Form 5498. Report the amount  
either for (1) the year for which the contribution was made, or  
(2) a subsequent year. See the instructions for boxes 13a,  
13b, and 13c, later.  
1. If you report a contribution for 2024 made before April  
15, 2025, no special reporting is required. Include the  
contribution in box 1 or 10 of an original Form 5498 or of a  
corrected Form 5498 if an original was previously filed.  
However, if a beneficiary takes a total distribution of their  
share of the IRA in the year of death, you need not file a Form  
5498 or furnish an annual statement for that beneficiary, but  
you must still file Form 5498 for the decedent.  
2. If you report the contribution on Form 5498 in a  
subsequent year, you must include the year for which the  
contribution was made, the amount of the contribution, and  
one of the following indicators.  
If you have no knowledge of the death of an IRA  
participant until after you are required to file Form 5498 (May  
31, 2025), you are not required to file a corrected Form 5498  
or furnish a corrected annual statement. However, you must  
still provide the date-of-death valuation in a timely manner to  
the executor or administrator upon request.  
In the case of successor beneficiaries, apply the  
preceding rules by treating the prior beneficiary as the  
decedent and the successor beneficiary as the beneficiary.  
Using the example above (Brian Willow as beneficiary of  
Joan Maple), when that account passes to Brian's successor  
beneficiary, Maurice Poplar, Form 5498 and the annual  
statement for Maurice should state “Maurice Poplar as  
beneficiary of Brian Willow.The final Form 5498 and annual  
statement for Brian Willow will state “Brian Willow as  
beneficiary of Joan Maple” and will show the FMV as of the  
date of Brian's death or year-end valuation, depending on the  
method chosen.  
a. Use “EO13239” for Afghanistan and those countries in  
direct support, including Djibouti, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan,  
Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Yemen.  
b. Use “EO12744” for the Arabian Peninsula, including air  
space and adjacent waters (the Persian Gulf; the Red Sea;  
the Gulf of Oman, the Gulf of Aden; the portion of the Arabian  
Sea that lies north of 10 degrees north latitude and west of 68  
degrees east longitude; the total land areas of Iraq, Kuwait,  
Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab  
Emirates; Lebanon, and Turkey east of longitude 33.51E),  
and Jordan, which is in direct support of the Arabian  
Peninsula.  
c. Use “EO13119” or “P.L.106-21” for the Federal  
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Albania,  
Kosovo, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea north of the  
39th parallel. (Note. The combat zone designation for  
Montenegro and Kosovo (previously a province within Serbia)  
under Executive Order 13119 remains in force even though  
20  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
     
Montenegro and Kosovo became independent nations since  
EO13119 was signed.)  
reported in box 1 (even if the amount exceeds the regular  
contribution limit), you must file a corrected Form 5498.  
d. Use P.L.115-97” for the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.  
Statements to participants. If you are required to file Form  
5498, you must provide a statement to the participant. By  
January 31, 2025, you must provide participants with a  
statement of the December 31, 2024, value of the  
For additions to, or subtractions from, the list of  
combat zones or qualified hazardous duty areas  
!
CAUTION  
implemented by executive orders and public laws,  
participant's account (including information required to be  
reported in boxes 15a and 15b for hard-to-value assets) and  
RMD, if applicable. Trustees of SIMPLE IRAs must also  
provide a statement of the account activity by January 31,  
2025. Contribution information for all other types of IRAs  
must be provided by May 31, 2025. You are not required to  
provide information to the IRS or to participants as to whether  
a contribution is deductible or nondeductible. In addition, the  
participant is not required to tell you whether a contribution is  
deductible or nondeductible.  
and direct support areas designated by the Secretary of  
Defense, after the publication date of these instructions, go to  
Example. For a $4,000 IRA contribution designated by a  
participant who served under EO13239 for the tax year 2023,  
enter “4000” in box 13a, “2023” in box 13b, and “EO13239” in  
box 13c only. Make no entry in box 1 or box 10.  
Repayment of qualified reservist distributions. Report  
any repayment of a qualified reservist distribution as  
described in section 72(t)(2)(G) in boxes 14a (amount) and  
14b (with indicator code “QR”).  
If you furnished a statement of the FMV of the account  
(including information required to be reported in boxes 15a  
and 15b for hard-to-value assets) and RMD, if applicable, to  
the participant by January 31, 2025, and no reportable  
contributions, including rollovers, recharacterizations, or Roth  
IRA conversions, were made for 2024, you need not furnish  
another statement (or Form 5498) to the participant to report  
zero contributions. However, you must file Form 5498 with the  
IRS by May 31, 2025, to report the December 31, 2024, FMV  
of the account and the FMV of hard-to-value assets. This rule  
also applies to beneficiary accounts under the inherited IRA  
rules, earlier. For more information about the requirement to  
furnish statements to participants, see part M in the current  
General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.  
Repayment of qualified disaster distributions. Report  
any repayment of a qualified disaster distribution, as  
described in applicable disaster legislation, in boxes 14a  
(amount) and 14b (with indicator code “DD”).  
Repayment of qualified birth or adoption  
distributions. Report any repayment of a qualified birth or  
adoption distribution as described in section 72(t)(2)(H) in  
boxes 14a (amount) and 14b (with indicator code "BA").  
Military death gratuities and servicemembers' group  
life insurance (SGLI) payments. Recipients of military  
death gratuities and SGLI payments may contribute amounts  
received to a Roth IRA, up to the amount of the gratuity or  
SGLI payment less any amounts contributed to Coverdell  
ESAs. Report the amount of the rollover contribution in box 2  
only. See section 408A(e)(2), and Notice 2010-15, 2010-06  
I.R.B. 390, available at IRS.gov/irb/  
If you do not furnish another statement to the  
participant because no reportable contributions were  
!
CAUTION  
made for the year, the statement of the FMV of the  
account must contain a legend designating which information  
is being filed with the IRS.  
2010-06_IRB#NOT-2010-15, for more information on  
limitations.  
Electronic filers. You may request an automatic waiver  
from filing Forms 5498 electronically for combat zone  
participants by submitting Form 8508, Request for Waiver  
From Filing Information Returns Electronically. Once you  
have received the waiver, you may report all Forms 5498 for  
combat zone participants on paper. Alternatively, you may  
report contributions made by the normal contribution due  
date electronically and report the contributions made after  
the normal contribution due date on paper. You may also  
report prior year contributions by combat zone participants  
on a corrected Form 5498 electronically or on paper.  
See part F in the current General Instructions for Certain  
Information Returns for information on how to request a  
waiver on Form 8508.  
Reporting FMV of certain specified assets. Assets held  
in an IRA that are not readily tradable on an established  
securities market or option exchange, or that do not have a  
readily available FMV, must be reported at the FMV  
determined as of December 31, 2024. See the instructions  
for boxes 15a and 15b, later.  
Truncating participant's TIN on payee statements.  
Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers of Form  
5498 may truncate a participant’s TIN (social security number  
(SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN),  
adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer  
identification number (EIN)) on payee statements. Truncation  
is not allowed on any documents the filer files with the IRS. A  
trustee's or issuer's TIN may not be truncated on any form.  
See part J in the current General Instructions for Certain  
Information Returns.  
Account Number  
The account number is required if you have multiple accounts  
for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form  
5498. Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an  
account number for all Forms 5498 that you file. See part L in  
the current General Instructions for Certain Information  
Returns.  
Box 1. IRA Contributions (Other Than Amounts  
in Boxes 2–4, 8–10, 13a, and 14a)  
Enter contributions to a traditional IRA made in 2024 and  
through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024.  
Corrected Form 5498. If you file a Form 5498 with the IRS  
and later discover that there is an error on it, you must correct  
it as soon as possible. See part H in the current General  
Instructions for Certain Information Returns, or Pub. 1220, if  
filing electronically. For example, if you reported contributions  
as rollover contributions in box 2, and you later discover that  
part of the contribution was not eligible to be rolled over and  
was, therefore, a regular contribution that should have been  
Report gross contributions, including the amount allocable  
to the cost of life insurance (see Box 6. Life Insurance Cost  
Included in Box 1, later) and including any excess  
contributions, even if the excess contributions were  
withdrawn. If an excess contribution is treated as a  
21  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
       
contribution in a subsequent year under section 219(f)(6), do  
not report it on Form 5498 for the subsequent year. It has  
already been reported as a contribution on Form 5498 for the  
year it was actually contributed.  
Box 5. FMV of Account  
Enter the FMV of the account on December 31, 2024. For  
inherited IRAs, see Inherited IRAs, earlier.  
Trustees and custodians are responsible for ensuring  
Also include employer contributions to an IRA that are not  
made pursuant to a SEP arrangement (which include  
employer contributions that are nominally under a SEP  
arrangement but that exceed the definite written allocation  
formula of the SEP arrangement). Such contributions are  
contributions made by the employee, not by the employer,  
that are treated as regular IRA contributions subject to the  
100% of compensation and $6,500 ($7,500 for participants  
age 50 or older) limits of section 219. Do not include  
employer SEP IRA contributions or SARSEP contributions  
under section 408(k)(6). Instead, include them in box 8.  
that all IRA assets (including those not traded on  
!
CAUTION  
established markets or not having a readily  
determinable market value) are valued annually at their FMV.  
Box 6. Life Insurance Cost Included in Box 1  
For endowment contracts only, enter the amount included in  
box 1 allocable to the cost of life insurance.  
Box 7. Checkboxes  
Check the appropriate box.  
IRA. Check “IRA” if you are filing Form 5498 to report  
Also, do not include in box 1 employer contributions,  
including salary deferrals, to a SIMPLE IRA (report them in  
box 9) and a Roth IRA (report them in box 10). In addition, do  
not include in box 1 rollovers and recharacterizations (report  
rollovers in box 2 and recharacterizations in box 4), or a Roth  
IRA conversion amount (report in box 3).  
information about a traditional IRA account.  
SEP. Check “SEP” if you are filing Form 5498 to report  
information about a SEP IRA. If you do not know whether the  
account is a SEP IRA, check the “IRA” box.  
SIMPLE. Check “SIMPLE” if you are filing Form 5498 to  
report information about a SIMPLE IRA account. Do not file  
Form 5498 for a SIMPLE 401(k) plan.  
Box 2. Rollover Contributions  
Enter any rollover contributions (or contributions treated as  
rollovers) to any IRA received by you during 2024. These  
contributions may be any of the following.  
Roth IRA. Check “Roth IRA” if you are filing Form 5498 to  
report information about a Roth IRA account.  
A 60-day rollover between Roth IRAs or between other  
Roth SEP IRA. Check both “SEP” and “Roth IRA” if you are  
types of IRAs.  
filing Form 5498 to report information about a Roth SEP IRA.  
A direct or indirect (within 60 days) rollover from a qualified  
Roth SIMPLE IRA. Check both “SIMPLE” and “Roth IRA” if  
you are filing Form 5498 to report information about a Roth  
SIMPLE IRA.  
plan, section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b)  
plan.  
Any qualified rollover contribution, as defined in section  
408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than an IRA)  
to a Roth IRA.  
Box 8. SEP Contributions  
Enter employer contributions made to a SEP IRA (including  
salary deferrals under a SARSEP) during 2024, including  
contributions made in 2024 for 2023, but not including  
contributions made in 2025 for 2024. Trustees and issuers  
are not responsible for reporting the year for which SEP  
contributions are made. Do not enter employer contributions  
to an IRA that are not made pursuant to a SEP arrangement  
(which include employer contributions that are nominally  
under a SEP arrangement but that exceed the definite written  
allocation formula of the SEP arrangement). Report any  
employer contributions to an IRA that are not made pursuant  
to a SEP arrangement in box 1. Include in box 8 SEP  
contributions made by a self-employed person to their own  
account. Also, include in box 8 contributions to a Roth SEP  
IRA.  
A military death gratuity.  
An SGLI payment.  
For the rollover of property, enter the FMV of the property  
on the date you receive it. This value may be different from  
the value of the property on the date it was distributed to the  
participant.  
For more details, see Pub. 590-A.  
Note. Do not use box 2 for late rollover contributions,  
including rollovers of qualified plan loan offset amounts after  
60 days or any of the following repayments made after 60  
days.  
Qualified reservist distributions.  
Qualified disaster distributions.  
Qualified birth or adoption distributions.  
Box 9. SIMPLE Contributions  
See the instructions for boxes 13a through 13c, 14a, and  
14b, later.  
Enter employer contributions, including salary deferrals,  
made to a SIMPLE IRA during 2023, including contributions  
made in 2023 for 2022, but not including contributions made  
in 2024 for 2023. Trustees and issuers are not responsible for  
reporting the year for which SIMPLE contributions are made.  
Do not include contributions to a SIMPLE 401(k) plan. Also,  
include in box 9 contributions to a Roth SIMPLE IRA.  
Box 3. Roth IRA Conversion Amount  
Enter the amount converted from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA,  
or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA during 2024. Do not include a  
rollover from one Roth IRA to another Roth IRA, or a qualified  
rollover contribution under section 408A(e) from an eligible  
retirement plan (other than an IRA) to a Roth IRA. These  
rollovers are reported in box 2.  
Box 10. Roth IRA Contributions  
Enter any contributions made to a Roth IRA in 2024 and  
through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024. Also enter a  
rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from a long-term section  
529 qualified tuition program that was made after December  
Box 4. Recharacterized Contributions  
Enter any amounts recharacterized plus earnings from one  
type of IRA to another.  
22  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
             
31, 2023, and on or before April 15, 2025, that is designated  
for 2024. However, report Roth IRA conversion amounts in  
box 3. Report a qualified rollover contribution made under  
section 408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than  
an IRA) to a Roth IRA in box 2. Do not include in box 10  
contributions to a Roth SEP IRA or Roth SIMPLE IRA.  
Also, report qualified rollover contributions made under  
section 529(c)(E) from a qualified tuition plan (QTP) to a Roth  
IRA maintained for the benefit of the QTP beneficiary.  
For participants' service in a combat zone, hazardous duty  
area, or direct support area, enter the appropriate executive  
order or public law, as defined under Special reporting for  
For participants who are “affected taxpayers,as described  
in an IRS News Release relating to a federally designated  
disaster area, enter “FD.(For a repayment of a qualified  
disaster distribution, use boxes 14a and 14b.)  
For participants who are making a rollover of a qualified  
plan loan offset amount, enter “PO.See the discussion of  
qualified plan loan offsets in the second paragraph under  
Plan Loan Offsets in the Form 1099-R instructions, earlier.  
Box 11. Check if RMD for 2025  
Check the box if the participant must take an RMD for 2025.  
You are required to check the box for the year in which the  
IRA participant reaches age 73 even though the RMD for that  
year need not be made until April 1 of the following year.  
Then, check the box for each subsequent year an RMD is  
required to be made.  
For participants who have certified that the rollover  
contribution is late because of one or more of the  
circumstances listed in section 3.02(2) of Rev. Proc. 2020-46,  
enter “SC.”  
Box 14a. Repayments  
Enter the amount of any repayment of a qualified reservist  
distribution, a qualified disaster distribution, or a qualified  
birth or adoption distribution.  
Boxes 12a and 12b are provided for your use to  
report RMD dates and amounts to participants. You  
!
CAUTION  
may choose to complete these boxes, or continue to  
provide a separate Form 5498, or a separate statement, to  
report the information required by Alternative one or  
Alternative two, earlier. To determine the RMD, see the  
regulations under sections 401(a)(9) and 408(a)(6) and (b)  
(3).  
Box 14b. Code  
Enter “QR” for the repayment of a qualified reservist  
distribution, “DD” for repayment of a qualified disaster  
distribution, or “BA” for repayment of a qualified birth or  
adoption distribution.  
Box 12a. RMD Date  
Box 15a. FMV of Certain Specified Assets  
Enter the FMV of the investments in the IRA that are  
specified in the categories identified below.  
Enter the RMD date if you are using Form 5498 to report the  
additional information. See RMDs, earlier.  
Box 12b. RMD Amount  
Enter the RMD amount if you are using Form 5498 to report  
the additional information under Alternative one. See  
Alternative one, earlier.  
Box 15b. Code(s)  
Enter the code for the type(s) of investments held in the IRA  
for which the FMV is reported in box 15a. A maximum of two  
codes can be entered in box 15b. If more than two codes  
apply, enter Code H.  
Box 13a. Postponed/late contrib.  
A—Stock or other ownership interest in a corporation that  
Report the amount of any postponed contribution made in  
2024 for a prior year. If contributions were made for more  
than 1 prior year, each prior year's postponed contribution  
must be reported on a separate form. Report the amount of a  
late rollover contribution made during 2024, including  
rollovers that are (1) certified by participants, (2) qualified  
plan loan offsets, and (3) related to taxpayers for federally  
declared disasters. See Rev. Proc. 2020-46, 2020-45 I.R.B.  
PROC-2020-46. If the participant also has a postponed  
contribution, use a separate Form 5498 to report a late  
rollover.  
is not readily tradable on an established securities market.  
B—Short- or long-term debt obligation that is not traded on  
an established securities market.  
C—Ownership interest in a limited liability company or  
similar entity (unless the interest is traded on an established  
securities market).  
D—Real estate.  
E—Ownership interest in a partnership, trust, or similar  
entity (unless the interest is traded on an established  
securities market).  
F—Option contract or similar product that is not offered for  
trade on an established option exchange.  
G—Other asset that does not have a readily available  
Box 13b. Year  
FMV.  
Enter the year for which the postponed contribution in  
box 13a was made. Leave this box blank for late rollover  
contributions and rollovers of qualified plan loan offset  
amounts.  
H—More than two types of assets (listed in A through G)  
are held in this IRA.  
Box 13c. Code  
Enter the reason the participant made the postponed  
contribution.  
23  
Instructions for Forms 1099-R and 5498 (2024)  
                     
Index  
A
Federal income tax withholding 13  
Form 1099-R 2  
Qualified rollover contributions 6, 22  
R
Form 5498 18  
Account closure, IRA 4, 19  
Alternate payee under QDRO 9  
Annuity distributions 2-16  
Form 945 13  
Recharacterized IRA contributions 6,  
G
Reportable death benefits 2  
Required minimum distribution 19, 23  
Retirement payments 2-16  
Revocation, IRA 4, 19  
RMD 19, 23  
Automatic contribution  
arrangements 7  
Guide to Distribution Codes 16-18  
Automatic rollovers 5, 6  
I
B
In-plan Roth rollover (IRR) 3, 10, 15  
Inherited IRAs 20, 22  
RMD amount 23  
Beneficiaries 9  
RMD date 23  
Insurance contracts 2, 14  
Involuntary distributions 5, 6  
IRA contributions 18  
Rollovers 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21,  
C
Charitable gift annuities 10  
Combat zones, designated 20  
Corrected Form 1099-R 9  
Corrected Form 5498 21  
Corrective distributions 7  
Roth IRA contributions 19, 22  
IRA distributions 2, 3, 15, 16  
Roth IRA conversions 4, 6, 12, 13, 19,  
IRA recharacterizations 3, 6, 10, 13,  
Roth IRA distributions 4, 11, 13  
IRA revocation 4, 19  
Cost of current life insurance  
S
L
protection 10  
Section 1035 exchange 2, 7, 10  
Section 402(f) notice 6  
Late rollovers 23  
D
Life insurance contract  
Section 404(k) dividends 2  
SEP contributions 4, 12, 18, 21, 22  
SEP distributions 4, 12, 14  
distributions 2  
Death benefit payments 10  
Deemed IRAs 3  
Loans treated as distributions 4, 8  
Losses, retirement distributions 7, 11  
Designated Roth account,  
Servicemembers' Group Life  
contributions 3  
Insurance (SGLI) payments 21  
M
Designated Roth account, direct  
SIMPLE contributions 18, 22  
SIMPLE distributions 4, 7, 12, 14  
State and local information 16  
rollover 4, 5  
Military death gratuities 21  
Military retirement 2  
Designated Roth account,  
distributions 10, 11, 15  
Statements to recipients/  
Direct rollovers 4-6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17,  
N
participants 9  
Net unrealized appreciation 4, 5, 11,  
Disaster relief reporting 20  
Disclaimer of an IRA 9  
Distributions under EPCRS 8  
DVECs 4  
T
Nonperiodic distributions 13  
Nonqualified plan distributions 2  
Nonresident aliens 9  
Taxable amount, retirement  
distributions 10  
Transfers:  
Form 1099-R 6, 7  
Form 5498 18  
E
P
Eligible rollover distribution 4, 13, 14  
Pension distributions 2-16  
Periodic payments 13  
Employee contributions, retirement  
U
plan 14, 15  
Permissible withdrawals under  
U.S. Armed Forces, special  
Employer securities, distributions 8,  
section 414(w) 9  
reporting 20  
Postponed contribution 23  
Endowment contracts 2, 22  
Profit-sharing distributions 2-16  
W
Excess deferrals, excess  
contributions, corrective  
distributions of 7  
Withholding 13  
Q
Federal income tax 13  
QDRO 4, 7, 9  
F
Qualified HSA funding distributions 2  
Qualified plan distributions 2-16  
Failing ADP or ACP test,  
corrections 8  
24