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Instruções para o formulário 8814

Instruções para o formulário 8814, Eleição dos pais para relatar interesse e dividendos da criança

Rev. 2023

Formulários Relacionados

  • Forma 8814 - Eleição dos pais para relatar interesse e dividendos da criança
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Department of the Treasury  
Internal Revenue Service  
2023  
Instructions for Form 8814  
Parents’ Election To Report Child’s Interest and Dividends  
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless  
otherwise noted.  
lived with you for most of the year (you were the custodial  
parent). If you were the custodial parent and you remarried, you  
can make the election on a joint return with your new spouse.  
But if you and your new spouse don’t file a joint return, you  
qualify to make the election only if you had higher taxable  
income than your new spouse.  
Future Developments  
For the latest information about developments related to Form 8814  
and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were  
published, go to IRS.gov/Form8814.  
See Which Parent's Return To Use below for more information  
about which parent’s return to use.  
Note. If you and the child’s other parent were not married but lived  
together during the year with the child, you qualify to make the  
election only if you are the parent with the higher taxable income.  
General Instructions  
Purpose of Form  
Which Parent's Return To Use  
Use this form if you elect to report your child’s income on your return.  
If you do, your child will not have to file a return. You can make this  
election if your child meets all of the following conditions.  
If a child’s parents are married to each other and file a joint return,  
use the joint return when electing to report the child’s interest and  
dividend income on their return. For other situations when the  
parents do not file a joint return, see Parents Who Don't File a Joint  
Return, next.  
The child was under age 19 (or under age 24 if a full-time  
student) at the end of 2023. Full-time student is defined below.  
The child’s only income was from interest and dividends,  
including capital gain distributions and Alaska Permanent Fund  
dividends.  
Parents Who Don’t File a Joint Return  
The child’s gross income for 2023 was less than $12,500.  
The child is required to file a 2023 return.  
For parents who don’t file a joint return and are electing to report the  
child’s interest and dividend income on their return, the following  
discussions explain which parent's tax return must be used to figure  
the tax.  
The child does not file a joint return for 2023.  
There were no estimated tax payments for the child for 2023  
(including any overpayment of tax from his or her 2022 return  
applied to 2023 estimated tax).  
There was no federal income tax withheld from the child’s  
income.  
Only the parent whose tax return is used can make the election  
described earlier under Parents who qualify to make the election.  
You must also qualify. See Parents who qualify to make the  
Parents are married. If the child's parents file separate returns, use  
the return of the parent with the greater taxable income.  
Parents not living together. If the child's parents are married to  
each other but not living together, and the parent with whom the  
child lives (the custodial parent) is considered unmarried, use the  
return of the custodial parent. If the custodial parent isn’t considered  
unmarried, use the return of the parent with the greater taxable  
income.  
election, below.  
Note. The amounts at $1,250 and below are not taxed when using  
this election. See Rate may be higher for more information.  
Full-time student. A full-time student is your child who for some  
part of each of 5 calendar months during the year was enrolled as a  
full-time student at a school, or took a full-time on-farm training  
course given by a school or a state, county, or local government  
agency. A school includes a technical, trade, or mechanical school.  
It does not include an on-the-job training course, correspondence  
school, or school offering courses only through the Internet.  
For an explanation of when a married person living apart from his  
or her spouse is considered unmarried, see Head of Household in  
Pub. 501.  
Parents are divorced. If the child's parents are divorced or legally  
separated, and the parent who had custody of the child for the  
greater part of the year (the custodial parent) hasn’t remarried, use  
the return of the custodial parent.  
Custodial parent remarried. If the custodial parent has  
remarried, the stepparent (rather than the noncustodial parent) is  
treated as the child's other parent. Therefore, if the custodial parent  
and the stepparent file a joint return, use that joint return. Don’t use  
the return of the noncustodial parent.  
If the custodial parent and the stepparent are married, but file  
separate returns, use the return of the one with the greater taxable  
income. If the custodial parent and the stepparent are married but  
not living together, the earlier discussion under Parents not living  
together applies.  
Certain January 1 birthdays. A child born on January 1, 2005, is  
considered to be age 19 at the end of 2023. You cannot make this  
election for such a child unless the child was a full-time student.  
A child born on January 1, 2000, is considered to be age 24 at  
the end of 2023. You cannot make this election for such a child.  
How to make the election. To make the election, complete and  
attach Form(s) 8814 to your tax return and file your return by the due  
date (including extensions). A separate Form 8814 must be filed for  
each child whose income you choose to report on your return. You  
can make the election for one or more children and not for others.  
Parents who qualify to make the election. You qualify to make  
this election if you file Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR and any of  
the following apply.  
You are filing a joint return for 2023 with the child’s other parent.  
You and the child’s other parent were married to each other but  
file separate returns for 2023 and you had the higher taxable  
income.  
Parents never married. If a child's parents have never been  
married to each other, but lived together all year, use the return of  
the parent with the greater taxable income. If the parents didn’t live  
together all year, the rules explained earlier under Parents are  
divorced apply.  
You were unmarried, treated as unmarried for federal income  
tax purposes, or separated from the child’s other parent by a  
divorce or separate maintenance decree. The child must have  
Jan 8, 2024  
Cat. No. 92918Z  
             
Enter “Form 8814” on the dotted line next to line 7a or line 8,  
whichever applies. Complete line 7b if applicable.  
Widowed parent remarried. If a widow or widower remarries, the  
new spouse is treated as the child's other parent. The rules  
explained earlier under Custodial parent remarried apply.  
Note. If you file Form 8814 with your income tax return to report  
your child’s foreign financial account, you have an interest in the  
assets from that account and may be required to file Form 8938,  
Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets. See the Form 8938  
instructions for details.  
Tax benefits you cannot take. If you elect to report your child’s  
income on your return, you cannot take certain deductions that your  
child could take on his or her own return such as:  
Additional standard deduction of $1,850 if the child is blind,  
Penalty on early withdrawal of child’s savings, and  
Change of address. If your child filed a return for a previous year  
and the address shown on the last return filed is not your child’s  
current address, be sure to notify the IRS, in writing, of the new  
address. To do this, use Form 8822, Change of Address.  
Itemized deductions such as the child’s charitable contributions.  
Reduced deductions or credits. If you use Form 8814, your  
increased adjusted gross income may reduce certain deductions or  
credits on your return, including the following.  
Deduction for contributions to a traditional IRA.  
Deduction for student loan interest.  
Itemized deductions for medical expenses and casualty and  
theft losses.  
Specific Instructions  
Name and social security number (SSN). If you are filing a joint  
return, enter both names but enter the SSN of the person whose  
name is shown first on the return.  
Credit for child and dependent care expenses.  
Child tax credit.  
Education tax credits.  
Taxable and Tax-Exempt Interest  
Earned income credit.  
Line 1a. Enter all taxable interest income your child received in  
2023. Do not include tax-exempt interest in the total for line 1a, but  
be sure to include it on line 1b.  
Penalty for underpayment of estimated tax. If you make this  
election for 2023 and didn't have enough tax withheld or pay enough  
estimated tax to cover the tax you owe, you may be subject to a  
penalty. If you plan to make this election for 2024, you may need to  
increase your federal income tax withholding or your estimated tax  
payments to avoid the penalty. See Pub. 505 for more information.  
If your child received, as a nominee, interest that actually belongs  
to another person, enter the amount and “ND” (nominee distribution)  
on the dotted line next to line 1a. Do not include amounts received  
as a nominee in the total for line 1a.  
If your child had accrued interest that was paid to the seller of a  
bond, amortizable bond premium (ABP) allowed as a reduction to  
interest income, or if any original issue discount (OID) is less than  
the amount shown on your child’s Form 1099-OID, enter the  
nontaxable amount on the dotted line next to line 1a and “Accrued  
interest,” “ABP adjustment,” or “OID adjustment,” whichever applies.  
Do not include any nontaxable amounts in the total for line 1a.  
Rate may be higher. If your child received qualified dividends or  
capital gain distributions, you may pay up to $125 more tax if you  
make this election instead of filing a separate tax return for the child.  
This is because the tax rate on the child's income between $1,250  
and $2,500 is 10% if you make this election. However, if you file a  
separate return for the child, the tax rate may be as low as 0%  
because of the preferential tax rates for qualified dividends and  
capital gain distributions.  
Line 1b. If your child received any tax-exempt interest income, such  
as from certain state and municipal bonds, report it on line 1b.  
Tax-exempt interest, including any exempt-interest dividends your  
child received as a shareholder in a mutual fund or other regulated  
investment company, should be shown in box 8 of Form 1099-INT.  
To figure the most beneficial tax on your child's income, first  
figure the tax on your child’s income as if they are filing a return.  
Next, figure the tax as if you are electing to report your child’s income  
on your return. Then, compare the methods to determine which  
results in the lower tax.  
Alternative minimum tax (AMT). If your child received tax-exempt  
interest (or exempt-interest dividends paid by a regulated investment  
company) from certain private activity bonds, you must take this into  
account in determining if you owe the AMT. This type of interest  
should be shown in box 9 of Form 1099-INT. See Form 6251,  
Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals, and its instructions for details.  
Note. If line 1b includes tax-exempt interest or exempt-interest  
dividends paid by a regulated investment company from private  
activity bonds, see Alternative minimum tax, earlier.  
Ordinary Dividends  
Line 2a. Enter the ordinary dividends your child received in 2023.  
Ordinary dividends should be shown in box 1a of Form 1099-DIV.  
Also include ordinary dividends your child received through a  
partnership, an S corporation, or an estate or trust.  
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT). For purposes of figuring any  
NIIT liability of the parents on Form 8960, the following rules apply.  
1. All income reported on line 12 is included in the parents’  
modified adjusted gross income.  
Ordinary dividends received as nominee. If your child received,  
as a nominee, ordinary dividends that actually belong to another  
person, enter the amount and “ND” on the dotted line next to line 2a.  
Do not include amounts received as a nominee in the total for  
line 2a.  
2. All net investment income included on line 12 (except for Alaska  
Permanent Fund dividends) is included in the parents’ net  
investment income.  
For more information on NIIT, go to IRS.gov/NIIT.  
Qualified Dividends  
Investment interest expense. Your child’s income (other than  
qualified dividends, Alaska Permanent Fund dividends, and capital  
gain distributions) that you report on your return is considered to be  
your investment income for purposes of figuring your investment  
interest expense deduction. If your child received qualified  
dividends, Alaska Permanent Fund dividends, or capital gain  
distributions, see Pub. 550, Investment Income and Expenses, to  
figure the amount you can treat as your investment income.  
Line 2b. Enter all qualified dividends your child received in 2023.  
Qualified dividends are those dividends normally reported on Form  
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 3a. They are the ordinary  
dividends that are eligible for the same lower tax rate as a net capital  
gain. Qualified dividends should be shown in box 1b of Form  
1099-DIV. For detailed information about qualified dividends, see  
Pub. 550.  
Foreign accounts and trusts. You must complete Schedule B  
Enter the child's qualified dividends on Form 8814, line 2b. But  
don't include this amount on the parent’s Form 1040, 1040-SR, or  
1040-NR, line 3a. Instead, include the amount from Form 8814,  
line 9, on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 3a. (The amount on  
Form 8814, line 9, may be less than the amount on Form 8814,  
(Form 1040), Part III, and file it with your tax return if your child:  
1. Had a foreign financial account; or  
2. Received a distribution from, or was the grantor of, or transferor  
to, a foreign trust.  
2
Instructions for Form 8814  
   
line 2b, because lines 7 through 12 of the form divide the $2,500  
base amount on Form 8814, line 5, between the child's qualified  
dividends, capital gain distributions, and other interest and dividend  
income, reducing each of those amounts.)  
Example. Fred is 6 years old. In 2023, he received dividend  
income of $2,600, which included $1,990 of ordinary dividends and  
a $610 capital gain distribution from a mutual fund. (None of the  
distributions were reported on Form 1099-DIV as unrecaptured  
section 1250 gain, section 1202 gain, or collectibles (28% rate)  
gain.) All of the ordinary dividends are qualified dividends. He has  
no other income and isn’t subject to backup withholding. No  
estimated tax payments were made under his name and SSN.  
Note. Don't include these dividends on Form 8814, line 12; or  
Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 8z.  
Capital Gain Distributions  
Fred's parents elect to include Fred's income on their tax return  
instead of filing a return for him.  
Line 3. Enter the capital gain distributions your child received in  
2023. Capital gain distributions should be shown in box 2a of Form  
1099-DIV.  
They figure the amount to report on Form 1040, lines 3a and 3b,  
and the amount to report on their Schedule D, line 13, as follows.  
The amount of these distributions that is added to your income  
must be reported on Schedule D (Form 1040), Capital Gains and  
Losses, line 13, or, if you aren't required to file Schedule D, on Form  
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 7, whichever applies.  
This is the amount on Form 8814, line 10. (The amount on Form  
8814, line 10, may be less than the amount on Form 8814, line 3,  
because lines 7 through 12 of the form divide the $2,500 base  
amount on Form 8814, line 5, between the child's qualified  
dividends, capital gain distributions, and other interest and dividend  
income, reducing each of those amounts.)  
They leave lines 1a and 1b of Form 8814 blank because Fred  
doesn’t have any interest income. They enter his ordinary dividends  
of $1,990 on lines 2a and 2b because all of Fred's ordinary  
dividends are qualified dividends. They enter the amount of Fred's  
capital gain distributions, $610, on line 3. Next, they add the  
amounts on lines 1a, 2a, and 3 and enter the result, $2,600, on  
line 4.  
They subtract the base amount on line 5, $2,500, from the  
amount on line 4, $2,600, and enter the result, $100, on line 6. This  
is the total amount from Form 8814 to be reported on their return.  
Next, they figure how much of this amount is qualified dividends and  
how much is capital gain distributions.  
Note. Don’t include these dividends on Form 8814, line 12; or  
Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 8z.  
They divide the amount on line 2b, $1,990, by the amount on  
line 4, $2,600. They enter the result, 0.77, on line 7.  
They divide the amount on line 3, $610, by the amount on line 4,  
$2,600. They enter the result, 0.23, on line 8.  
Types of capital gain distributions. Capital gain distributions are  
organized into the following three subcategories.  
Collectibles (28% rate) gain distributions.  
Unrecaptured section 1250 gain distributions.  
Section 1202 gain distributions.  
They multiply the amount on line 6, $100, by the decimal on  
line 7, 0.77, and enter the result, $77, on line 9.  
They multiply the amount on line 6, $100, by the decimal on  
line 8, 0.23, and enter the result, $23, on line 10.  
Collectibles (28% rate) gain distributions. If any of the child's  
capital gain distributions are reported on Form 1099-DIV as  
collectibles (28% rate) gain, you must determine how much to also  
include on line 4 of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet in the instructions  
for Schedule D, line 18. Multiply the child's capital gain distribution  
included on Schedule D, line 13, by a fraction. The numerator is the  
part of the child's total capital gain distribution that is collectibles  
(28% rate) gain. The denominator is the child's total capital gain  
distribution. Enter the result on line 4 of the 28% Rate Gain  
Worksheet.  
They include the amount from line 9, $77, on lines 3a and 3b of  
their Form 1040 and enter “Form 8814 — $77” on the dotted  
lines next to lines 3a and 3b. They include the amount from  
line 10, $23, on line 13 of their Schedule D (Form 1040) and  
enter “Form 8814 — $23” on the dotted line next to Schedule D,  
line 13.  
Additional Instructions  
Line 9. Include this amount on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR,  
lines 3a and 3b. Enter “Form 8814” and this amount on the dotted  
line next to those lines unless you file Schedule B (Form 1040).  
Unrecaptured section 1250 gain distributions. If any of the  
child's capital gain distributions are reported on Form 1099-DIV as  
unrecaptured section 1250 gain, you must determine how much to  
include on line 11 of the Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain  
If you file Schedule B, include this amount on line 5 and identify it  
as from “Form 8814.Complete Schedule B as instructed. Also  
include this amount on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 3a.  
Worksheet in the instructions for Schedule D, line 19. Multiply the  
child's capital gain distribution included on Schedule D, line 13, by a  
fraction. The numerator is the part of the child's total capital gain  
distribution that is unrecaptured section 1250 gain. The denominator  
is the child's total capital gain distribution. Enter the result on the  
Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain Worksheet, line 11.  
You must file Schedule B if this amount plus the parents’  
dividends is more than $1,500.  
Line 10. Include this amount on Schedule D (Form 1040), line 13;  
or Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 7. Enter “Form 8814” and  
this amount on the dotted line next to line 13 of Schedule D or in the  
space to the left of line 7 of Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.  
If any of the child's capital gain distributions were reported on  
Form 1099-DIV as unrecaptured section 1250 gain, section 1202  
gain, or collectibles (28% rate) gain, see Types of capital gain  
distributions, earlier, to locate the instructions for the type(s) of  
capital gain distributions your child has and for details on the  
amount(s) to report on Schedule D.  
Section 1202 gain distributions. If any of the child's capital gain  
distributions are reported as section 1202 gain (gain on qualified  
small business stock) on Form 1099-DIV, part or all of that gain may  
be eligible for the section 1202 exclusion. (For information about the  
exclusion, see chapter 4 of Pub. 550.) To figure that part, multiply the  
child's capital gain distribution included on Schedule D, line 13, by a  
fraction. The numerator is the part of the child's total capital gain  
distribution that is section 1202 gain. The denominator is the child's  
total capital gain distribution. Your section 1202 exclusion is  
generally 50% of the result, but may be subject to a limit. In some  
cases, the exclusion is more than 50%. See the Instructions for  
Schedule D for details and information on how to report the  
exclusion amount.)  
Line 12. If you checked the box on line C, add the amounts from  
line 12 of all your Forms 8814. Include the result on Schedule 1  
(Form 1040), line 8z. Enter “Form 8814” and the total of the line 12  
amounts in the space on that line.  
Line 15. If you checked the box on line C, add the amounts from  
line 15 of all your Forms 8814. Include the total on Form 1040,  
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 16. Be sure to check box 1 on Form  
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 16.  
Capital gain distributions received as nominee. If your child  
received, as a nominee, capital gain distributions that actually  
belong to another person, enter the amount and “ND” on the dotted  
line next to line 3. Do not include amounts received as a nominee in  
the total for line 3.  
3
Instructions for Form 8814